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Aert
Joined: 03 Jul 2008 Posts: 354
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Posted: Fri Jan 02, 2009 10:29 pm Post subject: |
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Interesting, thanks!
Also: something from Hungarian: quite a few words act kind of as prefixes to the main word. Pronouns, articles, demonstratives, and 'in betweener words' (can't remember what they're called) like on, in, as, at, to, and a bunch of others.
And: there are words similar to German groß in that they attach themselves to the next word, though they are separate words themselves. I'm working on a list of these, at the moment they include great, forever, and a couple 'aesthetics' words that combine several attributes, so there's a word for 'elegant & beautiful', 'perfect & ideal', 'eternity & forever' etc.
Similar to Spanish, there are 'query' and 'non-query' words - like who, what, etc. The querys are used if it's used as a question, non-query otherwise. |
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Aert
Joined: 03 Jul 2008 Posts: 354
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Posted: Sun Jan 04, 2009 3:36 am Post subject: |
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Aert has a pronoun that I haven't seen anywhere else but I think would be very handy from time to time:
The technical description is "Gender-neutral singular person/animal" meaning that you don't know the gender of the person or animal you're talking about. |
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Aert
Joined: 03 Jul 2008 Posts: 354
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Posted: Wed Jun 10, 2009 7:07 am Post subject: |
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After way too many changes and jumping from one idea to another, I might have some sort of stable grammar (please? ).
One quick peculiarity (I've seen it somewhere but can't remember the name of the (con)language) is that the pronoun takes the verb conjugations - the time, aspect, and other conjugations. Where the subject is not a pronoun, the time is written separately, and aspect etc suffixed. Where it is a pronoun, the time is prefixed, and aspect etc suffixed.
I like this a lot better than on the verbs (used a lot), because the verbs were getting so long. All the pronouns are short in Aert, and pronouns aren't conjugated on their own when placed before a verb.
My cat (possessive, not basic) -> cat.I.poss -> adtųlvést
I had a cat -> past.I.perf. cat.ind -> sVérn adtųlų
I am walking -> I.ger walk* -> Véoi vén
* no verb for to be when referring to an action; only for conditions/locations |
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eldin raigmore Admin
Joined: 03 May 2007 Posts: 1621 Location: SouthEast Michigan
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Posted: Wed Jun 10, 2009 1:11 pm Post subject: |
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Aert wrote: | The technical description is "Gender-neutral singular person/animal" meaning that you don't know the gender of the person or animal you're talking about. | Could it also be used when even if you know you have no intention of passing the information on? Perhaps because your addressee doesn't know or wouldn't be helped by the knowledge? _________________ "We're the healthiest horse in the glue factory" - Erskine Bowles, Co-Chairman of the deficit reduction commission |
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Aert
Joined: 03 Jul 2008 Posts: 354
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Posted: Thu Jun 11, 2009 12:02 am Post subject: |
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Yeah, you could. It's not for saying 'a person in general' though - there's another pronoun for that... But it's not a default; saying 'he or she' rather than the true gender would be kind of weird in Aert.
When something has already been identified, there is also a word that means 'that which was said before' which usually indicates a verb or verb phrase (eg. in English 'I wanted to go to the movies, so I did).
I don't know if that would be used in place of a pronoun, since pronouns are already in place of (proper) nouns anyway. |
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imdamoos
Joined: 06 Jul 2008 Posts: 64 Location: New York
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Posted: Thu Jun 11, 2009 12:16 am Post subject: |
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Caelaurian has four groups of sets of pronouns, if one group is:
I
you
he, she, it
we
you
they
The first group is general; the second group is for friends; the third group is for family/very close friends; and the fourth group is for lovers/romantic interests.
In each group, there are two forms of the first person plural: inclusive and exclusive.
There are three words for "it": Ri (intangible), Roné (inanimate), and Rhesh (animate).
There are two classes of demonstratives adjectives (all of which are suffixes): tangible and intangible.
There is a static tense, for things that always were and will be, and for facts of life or universal truths. For example: Life is hard. He is dead.
It's not a tonal language, but if you have two of the same vowels or more in a row, you change pitch. For example, ahä (the word for throat) is pronounced AH-ah, with no glottal stop.
There are no question marks; instead, zah and jeh are put at the end of the sentence. Zah is for a question that isn't rhetorical, and jeh is for a question that is rhetorical.
Like zah and jeh, there are words that you can put at the end of a sentence to show emotion:
Lhä (excitement)
Ggjr (anger)
Sih (threat)
Shih (sarcastic)
Saan (fear) |
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Kiri
Joined: 13 Jun 2009 Posts: 471 Location: Latvia/Italy
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Posted: Sun Jun 14, 2009 9:45 pm Post subject: |
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I was thinking there isn't anything weird in Vaijerīna, but I just remembered!
It's a bit tricky to say "more", "the most", "less" and "the least", because these terms are strangely enough said with a noun instead of an adjective.
(With "a bit tricky", I mean "practically imposible") |
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Tolkien_Freak
Joined: 26 Jul 2007 Posts: 1231 Location: in front of my computer. always.
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Posted: Sun Jun 14, 2009 9:52 pm Post subject: |
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You mean like "more (of)"? That seems to make sense to me. |
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Kiri
Joined: 13 Jun 2009 Posts: 471 Location: Latvia/Italy
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Posted: Sun Jun 14, 2009 10:05 pm Post subject: |
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Here's how it goes. It's full of exceptions
Granda - a big amount (of)
an Grandu Fluma - a lot of water
grandan - big
al grandan - bigger
alle grandan - the biggest
SO the case is, that "more water" is something like /an al Grandu Fluma/ or /al an Grandu Fluma/, but it looks (and sounds) weird and stupid, and I don't know what to do at this point. |
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Tolkien_Freak
Joined: 26 Jul 2007 Posts: 1231 Location: in front of my computer. always.
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Posted: Sun Jun 14, 2009 10:46 pm Post subject: |
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I'm not quite sure I understood that. Can you gloss it? |
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Kiri
Joined: 13 Jun 2009 Posts: 471 Location: Latvia/Italy
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Posted: Sun Jun 14, 2009 10:53 pm Post subject: |
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I'm sorry, I have no idea how you do the glossing thing (although I have a faint idea what you mean by that) |
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Tolkien_Freak
Joined: 26 Jul 2007 Posts: 1231 Location: in front of my computer. always.
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Posted: Sun Jun 14, 2009 10:56 pm Post subject: |
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Lemme see if I can find a link...
Leipzig Glossing Rules - they're a bit long to read through, but the core is fairly simple. It's what everyone here uses (to the degrees of how much they remember). |
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Aeetlrcreejl
Joined: 08 Jun 2007 Posts: 839 Location: Over yonder
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Posted: Sun Jun 14, 2009 10:58 pm Post subject: |
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Does any other language have a "negative comparative" to express "X is less Y than Z"? Jinnic uses it. _________________ Iwocwá ĵọṭãsák.
/iwotSwa_H d`Z`Ot`~asa_Hk/
[iocwa_H d`Z`Ot`_h~a_Hk] |
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Tolkien_Freak
Joined: 26 Jul 2007 Posts: 1231 Location: in front of my computer. always.
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Posted: Sun Jun 14, 2009 10:59 pm Post subject: |
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If I remember correctly PKM has one, but it dies before it gets to Emitare. (I may have left it in Emitare, but I don't think so.) |
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Aeetlrcreejl
Joined: 08 Jun 2007 Posts: 839 Location: Over yonder
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Posted: Sun Jun 14, 2009 11:03 pm Post subject: |
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In Jinnic it's formed by the ending "èr", from the Old Jinnic ending ener, from "ne" (negative) and the comparative "er" (Jinnic is IE). _________________ Iwocwá ĵọṭãsák.
/iwotSwa_H d`Z`Ot`~asa_Hk/
[iocwa_H d`Z`Ot`_h~a_Hk] |
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Tolkien_Freak
Joined: 26 Jul 2007 Posts: 1231 Location: in front of my computer. always.
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Posted: Sun Jun 14, 2009 11:07 pm Post subject: |
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In PKM it's its own ending, -alh. It is indeed dead by Emitare.
EX: elayalh keyime (good-NEGCOMP thing-COMP, 'less good than it')
From those sample morphemes, Jinnic does look IE. |
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Aeetlrcreejl
Joined: 08 Jun 2007 Posts: 839 Location: Over yonder
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Posted: Sun Jun 14, 2009 11:12 pm Post subject: |
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Anyone's conlangs have grammatical numbers besides singular and plural? Jinnic has paucal (descended from PIE dual) and Lorošae has lesser paucal and greater paucal. _________________ Iwocwá ĵọṭãsák.
/iwotSwa_H d`Z`Ot`~asa_Hk/
[iocwa_H d`Z`Ot`_h~a_Hk] |
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Kiri
Joined: 13 Jun 2009 Posts: 471 Location: Latvia/Italy
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Posted: Sun Jun 14, 2009 11:15 pm Post subject: |
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Ok, let me see, if I can get this more or less understandable. I'm having some difficulties even understanding the terms
Com --> comparative
Warming up:
Grand-a - a big amount (of)
big.amount-NOM
an Grand-u Flum-a - a lot of water
ART big-ACC water-NOM
grand-an - big
big-ADJ
al grand-an - bigger
Com big-ADJ
alle grand-an - the biggest
Com big-ADJ
SO the case is, that "more water" is something like /an al Grand-u Flum-a/ (ART Com big-ACC water-NOM or /al an Grand-u Flum-a/ (Com ART big-ACC water-NOM/, but it looks (and sounds) weird and stupid, and I don't know what to do at this point.
And I got what I was trying to say - it feels weird to have a comparative next to an article.
Ok, I hope all of this makes any sense |
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Tolkien_Freak
Joined: 26 Jul 2007 Posts: 1231 Location: in front of my computer. always.
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Posted: Sun Jun 14, 2009 11:21 pm Post subject: |
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Now that is confusing. Wow. I think I understand it though.
(BTW Wikipedia is a wonderful resource when you come across terms you don't get.)
Aeetlrcreej wrote: | Anyone's conlangs have grammatical numbers besides singular and plural? Jinnic has paucal (descended from PIE dual) and Lorošae has lesser paucal and greater paucal. |
PKM and Emitare both have quite a few. PKM even has affixes for denoting exact quantities (131 rocks = kaunikwarveu (rock-2-64-3 (base 8 )), but they're almost dead in Emitare since they'll be merging into the same few vowel sounds soon. They'll be preserved in individual lexical items. |
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Aeetlrcreejl
Joined: 08 Jun 2007 Posts: 839 Location: Over yonder
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Posted: Sun Jun 14, 2009 11:27 pm Post subject: |
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Tolkien_Freak wrote: | PKM and Emitare both have quite a few. PKM even has affixes for denoting exact quantities (131 rocks = kaunikwarveu (rock-2-64-3 (base 8 )), but they're almost dead in Emitare since they'll be merging into the same few vowel sounds soon. They'll be preserved in individual lexical items. |
My my, that is weird. I imagine they would collide into each other soon. Actually, you could form different plurals for different nouns in some future descendant of Emitare based on these endings. _________________ Iwocwá ĵọṭãsák.
/iwotSwa_H d`Z`Ot`~asa_Hk/
[iocwa_H d`Z`Ot`_h~a_Hk] |
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