Vreleksá

Vortex · Joined: 10 Feb 2008 Posts: 54

phonology:
consonants:
/p p_h p_j t t_h t_j ts) ts_j) ts_h) k k_h k_j ? ?_j/ <p ph py t th ty c cy ch k kh ky 'y>
/f f_j s s_j h h_j/ <f>
/m hm m_j n hn n_j N hN/ <m hm my n hn nj ng hng>
/w hw 4 h4 4_j l hl l_j j/ <w hw r hr ry l hl ly y>
/p: t: k: ts): f: s: h: m: n: N: w: r: l: j:/ <pp tt kk cc ff ss hh mm nn ngg ww rr ll yy>

Vowels:
/a e i o u/ <a e i o u>
/ae) ai) ao) au) ea) ei) eo) eu) oa) oe) oi) ou) ua) ue) ui) uo)/ <ae ai ao au ea ei eo eu oa oe oi ou ua ue ui uo>

basic word structure
(N+S)/(C)(r, l)V/D(N+S)/(C)(V/D)(C)(V)
verbs are either 1 or 2 syllables long and must end in a vowel
nouns are 1-3 syllables long and can end in a consonant
Allophony/phonotactics:
- all long stops are realized as ejectives
- palatalized consonants cannot appear before /i/
- only short plain stops or /ts)/ can combine with /l r/ to form a cluster and these stops can be preceded by a nasal stop at the same point of articulation
- if two consonants are placed next to each other due to place affixes together then a vowel that is the same as the previous affixes last vowel is place in between them unless the consonants form these clusters: S+F, N+S, N+F, S+A, F+A, S+N, S+S, and F+N. None of those consonants can be long.
- /s f/ becomes [z v] when following a voiced consonant
- /l_j s_j ts_j) h_j k_j n_j/ are realized as [L s` ts`) C c J]
-/w/ becomes [v] word final
-/p t k/ are realized as [p_} t_} k_}] word final
-/k k_h k:/ are realized as [q q_h q_>] word final

Pronouns:
1st person- ngue
1st person exclusive dual- ntau
1st person inclusive dual- ngawe
1st person exclusive plural- ntu
1st person inclusive plural- pyann
2nd person- conua
2nd person polite- wasan
2nd person dual- caonua
2nd person polite dual- wa’asan
2nd person plural- conuasi
2nd person plural polite- wasansi
3rd person- an
3rd person dual- ane
3rd person plural- asi

Verb personal clitics:
1st person- -wa
1st person exclusive dual- -tu
1st person inclusive dual- -nga
1st person exclusive plural- -ntu
1st person inclusive plural- -pya
2nd person- -ya
2nd person polite- -yu
2nd person dual- -ma
2nd person polite dual- -mu
2nd person plural- -ha
2nd person plural polite- -hu
3rd person- -wu
3rd person dual- -nu
3rd person plural- -su
These mark the patient of intransitive sentence and the agent of a transitive sentence. They are not used if the corresponding pronouns are being used.

Eg. langkkimao- to run
Langkkiwa- I run
Langkkiya/ langkkiyu- You run
Langkkiwu- he/she/it runs
Langkkinga- we (dual) run
Langkkima/ langkkimu- you two run
Langkkinu- those two run
Langkkitu- we (dual excl.) run
Langkkipya- we run
Langkkiha/ langkkihu- y’all run
Langkkisu- they run
Langkkintu- we (excl.) run

Verb object suffixes
1st person- -ma
1st person exclusive dual- -he
1st person inclusive dual- -hi
1st person exclusive plural- -em
1st person inclusive plural- -am
2nd person- -so
2nd person polite- -ka
2nd person dual- -hma
2nd person plural- -om
3rd person- -si
3rd person dual- -wwe
3rd person plural- -myan

Basic word order is PAV.

Cases are:
Absolutive
Ergative –ssa
Dative –kou
Instrumental –ffi
Genitive –ppa
Locative –soa
Lative –kha
Ablative –kku
Perlative/presecutive –fua

Plural and duals

Human plural, infix –ma-; human dual, reduplication of first syllable
Inhuman plural, suffix –si; inhuman dual, infix –ta

hasu khomijolao has prefixes that show a noun is a part of a group and the are:
nem-
hmua-
ngkki-

hmua- and nem- are only used human nouns and ngkki- is used for both humans and non-humans.
hmua- shows that the group is apart of the person's family and nem- shows that the members of the group are not members of the person's family. when ngkki- is used on a human noun it shows that the things in group are the person's possessions.

tense prefixes:
present tense is not marked
distant past t-
near past w-
near future ph-
distant future hr-

aspect prefixes

imperfect a- (only used in non present tenses)
perfect o-
perfective i-
habitual e-
progressive oa-

the order of the tense and aspect prefixes go on the verb is: tense-aspect-verb root.

evidentuality suffixes:

witnessed- not marked on verb
hearsay -kkum
inferential -neam
common knowledge -tuak

These are placed last on verb.

location/directional suffixes:

-ngakor “up”
-nul “down”
-haen “away (from)”
-tupu “uphill”
-nyau “downhill
-hmang “back and forth”
-tumpa “back(wards)”
-nantra “forwards”
-hloe “east(wards)
-peu “north(wards)”
-reitu “south(wards)”
-louka “west(wards)”
-tal “no movement”
-ta’an “to here”
-mutol “to there”
-tlan “here”
-matan “there”
More than one of these suffixes can be place on a verb and are placed before evidentiality suffixes

So what do y'all think about it? I will post some examples later.

langover94 · Joined: 21 Aug 2007 Posts: 509 Location: USA

Vortex · Joined: 10 Feb 2008 Posts: 54

Ok for some reason the forum won't show most of the letters inbetween <> and the reason for the all the palatalized consonants is because of the old "i+vowel or diphthong" combinations. In some dialects /m_j/ and /n_j/ have merged and yes it is possible to pronounce both /m_j/ and /f_j/.

Aeetlrcreejl · Joined: 08 Jun 2007 Posts: 839 Location: Over yonder

It's happened to me too. Turn off HTML.
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langover94 · Joined: 21 Aug 2007 Posts: 509 Location: USA

Tolkien_Freak · Posted: Sun Feb 10, 2008 8:39 pm Post subject:

/4/ is orthographized as <w>? Or did you just leave out the letters because of HTML?

eldin raigmore · Posted: Mon Feb 11, 2008 11:59 pm Post subject:

eldin raigmore · Posted: Tue Feb 12, 2008 12:08 am Post subject: Re: Hasu Khomiyolao

Vortex · Joined: 10 Feb 2008 Posts: 54

eldin raigmore · Posted: Tue Feb 12, 2008 10:30 pm Post subject: Re: Hasu Khomiyolao

Vortex · Joined: 10 Feb 2008 Posts: 54

Ok first off I just want to get across that the baisc root structure was just a simple out line and there are more rules then what was shown in that. And here are those rules:
The onset can consist of the following; any consonant, a nasal plus a stop, stop plus l or r, a nasal + a stop + r or l. there are no four consonant clusters allowed in any part of the word. /?/ is not allowed in the onset but /?_j/ is. The word internal cluster are fromed only as a result of affixation except for the stop plus l or r, nasal plus stop, or nasal plus stop plus l or r. If any internal consonant cluster appears that is not allowed then a vowel of the same type as the previous syllable is place inbetween the two consonants. If two vowel don't form a diphthong, which what D stands for, then they are separated by a glottal stop. No triphthong are allowed and same with 4 vowel clusters. The only sounds not allowed word final is /j/ and /j:/.

Thanks for correcting my typo.

eldin raigmore · Posted: Tue Feb 12, 2008 11:04 pm Post subject:

That's clear. Thanks. I look forward to more.
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yssida · Joined: 16 Sep 2007 Posts: 253 Location: sa jaan lang

Vortex · Joined: 10 Feb 2008 Posts: 54

LIke I said in an earlier post that was a typo and I meant to say subject intransitive sentence.

yssida · Joined: 16 Sep 2007 Posts: 253 Location: sa jaan lang

So it is S. But my question still hold as to why it was like that. The alignment doesn't seem to 'align' to me. Please clear me up. I'm just interested Smile

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eldin raigmore · Posted: Wed Feb 13, 2008 5:37 pm Post subject:

yssida · Joined: 16 Sep 2007 Posts: 253 Location: sa jaan lang

Vortex · Joined: 10 Feb 2008 Posts: 54

Hasu Khomiyolao has a ergative-dative alignment. The subject of a intransitive verb, the patient of a monotransitive verb and the theme of a ditransitive verb take the absolutive case and the agent, sometimes the experiencer, of transitive verb takes the ergative case, and the reciever of a ditransitive sentence takes the dative case. One thing about the dative case is that it fused with two other cases, dedative and benefactive, so certain words will take the dative case when followed but the postpsitions luan-"in regards to, about, on" and souk-"for".

I hope that clears up the questions your where having yssida

yssida · Joined: 16 Sep 2007 Posts: 253 Location: sa jaan lang

Okay, thanks Very Happy

eldin raigmore · Posted: Sun Feb 17, 2008 9:50 pm Post subject:

Thanks, Vortex.
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"We're the healthiest horse in the glue factory" - Erskine Bowles, Co-Chairman of the deficit reduction commission