langover94
Joined: 21 Aug 2007
Posts: 509
Location: USA
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 Posted: Tue Jun 24, 2008 3:21 am Post subject: Introducing: Meshkrula! |
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The title was the ugly transcription. It's really supposed to be in Cyrillic.
Yay! I think this is a good thing, because I've learned so much since my last conlang. So, without further ado:
Phonology
/p b t d k g/ <Пп Бб Tт Дд Кк Гг>
/f v x s ts z S S_j tS_j Z/ <Фф Вв Xx Cc Цц Зз Шш Щщ Чч Жж>
/j r l/ <Йй Pp Лл>
/m n n_j/ <Мм Hн Њњ>
/a e i o u 1/ <Aa Ee Ии Oo Yy Ыы>
Allophony
All consonants may be palatalized if they are not already.
/a/--> [@] or [ʲa] or [ja]
/e/--> [E] or [ʲe] or [je]
/u/--> [ʲu] or [ju]
/r/--> [4]
/r_j/--> [l]
/x/--> [h]
/v/-->
[b]Nouns:
Nouns may be declined to two genders (masculine/feminine), and five cases (nominative/accusative/genitive/prepositional/vocative). There are also three numbers (sing./dual/plural).
Masculine suffix: -и and anything besides -e
Feminine suffix: -e
Dual noun suffix: -бa
Plural noun suffix: -yc
Nominative: -a
Accusative: -м
Genitive: -y
Prepositional: -ш
Vocative: -aй
Gender is always a seperate morpheme that is next to the case ending. (That makes things a bit easier.)
Pronouns:
Pronouns also decline to the case system.
1. ми миa/мим/миy/миш/миaй
1(dual). зоий
1 (PL). зим
2. твo
2 (dual). твил
2 (PL). твиc
3. жи/жe/жeц
3 (dual). жyл
3 (PL). жyc
Demonstratives
Demonstrative pronouns are suffixes attached to nouns, if they are used as adjectives. Demonstratives used as pronouns are:
This: вceк
That: вcop
These (dual): вceбa
These (PL): вceyc
Those (dual): вcopбa
Those (PL): вcopyc
Demonstrative suffixes are:
This: -ceк
That: -ceк
These (dual): -ceбa
These (PL): -ceyc
Those (dual):-pбa
Those (PL): -pyc
Relative pronouns:
Who: цeми
That: вcop
Which: Tвeми
The reflexive suffix of a verb is -гoв. It replaces reflexive pronouns.
Interrogative pronouns:
Who: (same)
What: дapoв
Which: (same)
Intensive pronouns are formed by using the suffix -т.
Indefinite pronouns (as of now) are memorized.
Verbs:
Verbs are by far the most important part of this conlang. Verb phrases can sometimes carry the information of the whole sentence. The formation of a verb phrase is as follows:
(Adj.)-Sub.-(Adv.)-(Adv.)-Verb root-person-tense-(Adv.)-(Adj.)-Direct object
The indirect object of a sentence is normally prepositional, so they are not included in the verb phrase. The order above is the most common, however it is very free because of the case system. The verb root, person, and tense, however, must stay in alignment.
All infinitive verbs end in -eт, -ap, or -ым. All verbs conjugate seperately to those three categories:
-eт verb conjugations:
1. -o
1 (dual/PL). -oб/oc
2. -ac
2 (dual/PL). -ил/иc
3. -и/-e/eц
3 (dual/PL). -yл/-yc
-ap verb conjugations:
1. -o
1 (dual/PL). -oд/-oз
2. -ec
2 (dual/PL). -ик/-ин
3. -ки/-кe/кeц
3 (dual/PL). -yл/-yc
-ым verb conjugations:
1. -o
1 (dual/PL). oиз/oим
2. -ыc
2 (dual/PL). -вбa/-вyc
3. -йы/йe/йeц
3 (dual/PL). -yл/-yc
Verbs also conjugate to tense. There are 9 main tenses. Past, present, future, past progressive, present progressive, future progressive, past perfect, present perfect, and future perfect. The conjugations for tense are separate from the conjugations for person. Verbs that are in the regular present tense do not have a suffix, so they only conjugate to person.
Past: -pycт
Future: -pиcт
Past progressive: -лyд
Present progressive: -лaд
Future progressive: -лид
Past perfect: -вyc
Present perfect: -вac
Future perfect: -виc
There are also negative forms of these conjugations.
Past: -pyн
Present: -paн
Future: -pин
Past progressive: -лyн
Present progressive: -лaн
Future progressive: -лин
Past perfect: -вyн
Present perfect: -вaн
Future perfect: -вин
The imperative suffix for a verb is "-ayc"
Adjectives
All adjectives must agree with a noun or pronoun in case, gender, and number. However, many adjectives are prefixes which attatch to a noun, and do not decline to any of these three agreements. Color, number, and size are among the most prevalent prefixes.
Color
Red: ap-
Orange: oм-
Yellow: coл-
Green: кoи-
Blue: yл-
Violet: вe-
Black: нep-
Brown: гoб-
Gray: мoc-
White: ими-
Number
3: тeм-
4: кaн-
5: чин-
6: ex-
7: ce-
8: oн-
9: нy-
10: ди-
Size
Small: ит-
Normal/Medium: тe-
Large: бo-
More: oп-
Most: им-
To express the adverb "very", the suffix "њo" may be added to any adjective or adjectival prefix.
To express adjectival intensification, the suffix "-oт" may be added.
There are no articles in Mешкрула, they are merely infered.
Prepositions:
Mешкрула prepositional phrases can be formed in two ways:
1. Preposition prefix-Prepositional noun/pronoun
2. Preposition+Modifier+Prepositional noun/pronoun
The first form may only take place if there are no other modifiers between the perposition and the noun.
That's all I have so far, I'll get to adverbs later. Constructive critisism is welcome.
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Last edited by langover94 on Thu Jun 26, 2008 2:05 am; edited 2 times in total |
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