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The Alurhsa Word for Constructed: Creativity in both scripts and languages
 
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Word creation/derivation

 
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Aert



Joined: 03 Jul 2008
Posts: 354

PostPosted: Thu Feb 03, 2011 7:39 pm    Post subject: Word creation/derivation Reply with quote

Hey

So we were talking about various types of compounding in my morphology class and I figured it would be a good idea to put them up here - to give people ideas, or just a poll on which you commonly use, etc.

Here's the list:

Endocentric (the meaning of the compound is a subtype of the meaning of the semantic head: 'dogshow' is a type of show)

Exocentric (the semantic head of the compound is not found in the compound: 'pick-pocket' is neither a kind of pick, nor pocket - it's a person who does this)

Bahuvrihi (a compound that refers to a person who has [the compound]: 'redneck' <- a person who has a red neck)

Coordinative (Dvandva) (a compound with two semantic heads of equal 'strength': Punjabi 'raat-din' = 'night-and-day')

Appositional (the two elements refere to the same referent: 'maid-servent'; 'bittersweet')

Coordinate-Exocentric (the meaning is derived from the two constituents, but the semantic head is outside the compound: [can't remember the language]: 'thin-thick' = density; 'high-low' = height)

Synthetic (where one component of the compound is an argument of the other: 'church-goer'; 'dishwasher')

Affix (simultaneous derivation and compounding: 'blue-eyed' [would normally be 'blue eye' - no compounding - but the derivation -> 'eyed' makes the whole thing a compound adjective)

Neoclassical (a compound composed of combining forms from languages with such forms, eg Greek, Latin: 'democrat'; 'telephone' etc)


Which one(s) do you use the most?
Which are most interesting to you?


Last edited by Aert on Fri Feb 04, 2011 1:52 am; edited 1 time in total
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eldin raigmore
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Joined: 03 May 2007
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Location: SouthEast Michigan

PostPosted: Fri Feb 04, 2011 12:15 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

Aert wrote:
Neoclassical (a compound composed of combining forms from languages with such forms, eg Greek, Latin: 'democrat'; 'telephone' etc)

A related topic:
Is an "endoclasm" just another word for a "break-in"?
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Tolkien_Freak



Joined: 26 Jul 2007
Posts: 1231
Location: in front of my computer. always.

PostPosted: Fri Feb 04, 2011 12:17 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

This is pretty awesome, thanks!
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Hemicomputer



Joined: 04 Feb 2008
Posts: 610
Location: Calgary, Alberta

PostPosted: Sat Feb 05, 2011 7:25 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

This is a blessing! Word-formation has always been a sticking point for me in conlanging.

Quote:
Which one(s) do you use the most?

I think Drumu would be mostly Endocentric, since adjectives are already synthesized to nouns. None of my other conlangs are developed enough for me to give you an answer.

Quote:
Which are most interesting to you?

The coordinate and coordinate-exocentric are really interesting, since I've never come across them before. The neoclassical would be interesting to do in a conlang because it would require some other ancient civilization/language that the speakers think admire and romanticize.
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Tolkien_Freak



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PostPosted: Sun Feb 06, 2011 12:38 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

What's the derivation of those two non-Neoclassical (^_^) terms, 'bahuviri' and 'dvandva'? They look Sanskrit to me, are they?
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Aert



Joined: 03 Jul 2008
Posts: 354

PostPosted: Sun Feb 06, 2011 3:23 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

Quote:
'bahuviri' and 'dvandva'? They look Sanskrit to me, are they?


They are - good eye Smile

Bahuvrihi means, more or less 'having much rice' (indicative of the type of compounding it is).
Dvandva means 'two and two' (I think?), also indicative of it's typology.
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Tolkien_Freak



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PostPosted: Sun Feb 06, 2011 4:15 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

そうか、そうか。 They looked vaguely Sanskrit (they could have been anything really), but Sanskrit would have terms for that kind of thing.

Dvandva probably is some form of 'two and two', dva makes sense as Sanskrit 'two'. (This is a guess, but I can't imagine it being wrong.)
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eldin raigmore
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PostPosted: Mon Feb 07, 2011 3:03 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

AFAIK Panini didn't exactly write down what he was thinking when he decided to call two-headed compounds "dvandva".
But it means a compound noun (usually a noun, anyway) in which both of the components are equally the head of the compound.

Bahuvrihi* ("much rice" or "having much rice") is an externally-headed compound in Sanskrit; it's a Sanskrit word meaning a very wealthy man. As a word in Sanskrit "bahuvrihi" is an example of a "bahuvrihi-type compound". As a word in English it just means such compounds.

*Note: "bahuvrihi" not "bahuviri". Unless I'm wrong.
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Aert



Joined: 03 Jul 2008
Posts: 354

PostPosted: Mon Feb 07, 2011 11:17 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

^thanks for the correction, luckily this was just a typo
But you're completely right in the meaning/denotion of the term
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