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A Vocabulary List
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StrangeMagic
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Joined: 18 Apr 2007
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PostPosted: Mon Nov 19, 2007 2:19 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

Mmm, yeh. That wasn't the full list.
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eldin raigmore
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Joined: 03 May 2007
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Location: SouthEast Michigan

PostPosted: Mon Nov 19, 2007 10:27 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

Aeetlrcreejl wrote:
I found some important words missing, like "to exist" and "to become".
"Be" and "become", with their current meanings, are definite innovations (less than 4000 years old) in Indo-European languages; that's why ancient Greek philosophers spent so much time talking about what they mean.
Words for "be" tend to be derived from words for things like "stand" and "sit".
Words for "become" tend to be derived from words for things like "turn" and "grow".
Nobody's language has to have words for "be" or "become".
It needs a way to say those ideas; but it doesn't need words for them. The ideas can be gotten across otherwise, via various phrases and/or clauses. Also, in different situations involving these ideas, one needn't use the same means for getting the idea across; there's no reason "be red" and "be Tom" and "be there" need to be connected; nor need "become a man" and "become angry" and "become dark" be connected. If they are, you have a topic for philosophy, and something to talk about while you're waiting around for the olive crop to come in to find out whether or not you'll starve next year.
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eldin raigmore
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PostPosted: Fri Apr 11, 2008 8:28 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

David wrote:
Just a question, but what are the differences between 'to be (locative' and 'to be'? Thanks,

--David
"To be there", as in "There it is!"; vs "to exist", as in "There is a ..."

Actually there are at least four different uses of "to be" (other than as an auxiliary).
Copula (Subject is Noun-Phrase)
Predicator (Subject is Adjective-Phrase)
Locator (Subject is Location)
Existence-marker (Subject is).

Most languages employ just one word for two or more of those, but each pair of them are distinguished in some natlang or other.

In most languages the words for those are verbs, but in some languages they are other parts-of-speech, and in some languages there aren't any words for some of them.
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kyonides



Joined: 28 Aug 2008
Posts: 301

PostPosted: Fri Aug 29, 2008 10:00 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

StrangeMagic wrote:
Well look at these two sentences:

I am Chinese compared to I am in England

The first one is a plain 'to be' and the second is a location.

Same as Spanish 'Es' and 'Está'

Mmm, is there any language that has a verb like to be that not just only means something like "it exists" and "it is here or there" or "it is (sad, glad)" but also a third thing? It may be something like he or she is in charge, or anything else...
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eldin raigmore
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PostPosted: Fri Jun 19, 2009 5:43 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

From http://www.une.edu.au/bcss/linguistics/nsm/semantics-in-brief.php

Table: Proposed semantic primes (2007)

Substantives:
I, YOU, SOMEONE, PEOPLE, SOMETHING/THING, BODY

Relational substantives:
KIND, PART

Determiners:
THIS, THE SAME, OTHER/ELSE

Quantifiers:
ONE, TWO, SOME, ALL, MUCH/MANY

Evaluators:
GOOD, BAD

Descriptors:
BIG, SMALL

Mental predicates:
THINK, KNOW, WANT, FEEL, SEE, HEAR

Speech:
SAY, WORDS, TRUE

Actions, events,
movement, contact:
DO, HAPPEN,
MOVE, TOUCH

Location, existence, possession, specification:
BE (SOMEWHERE),THERE IS, HAVE, BE (SOMEONE/SOMETHING)

Life and death:
LIVE, DIE

Time:
WHEN/TIME, NOW, BEFORE, AFTER, A LONG TIME, A SHORT TIME, FOR SOME TIME, MOMENT

Space:
WHERE/PLACE, HERE, ABOVE, BELOW, FAR, NEAR, SIDE, INSIDE

"Logical" concepts:
NOT, MAYBE, CAN, BECAUSE, IF

Intensifier, augmentor:
VERY, MORE

Similarity:
LIKE

------------------------

Also see this:
http://nsmetalanguage.pbworks.com/ThePrimes
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twix93



Joined: 23 Jul 2009
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Location: England

PostPosted: Fri Jul 24, 2009 8:41 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

Wow, a lot of those nouns are animals, has anyone else noticed that?
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StrangeMagic
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Joined: 18 Apr 2007
Posts: 640

PostPosted: Fri Jul 24, 2009 11:14 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

twix93 wrote:
Wow, a lot of those nouns are animals, has anyone else noticed that?


Haha, are you talking about the original post? I can explain that - my conlang is basically a conlang for animals who speak like humans, so without the chirping and the mooing etc. =D And so the first thing that me and my sister did was run through a whole list of animals and give them Yepheriun/Eleypherion counterparts.
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twix93



Joined: 23 Jul 2009
Posts: 57
Location: England

PostPosted: Sat Jul 25, 2009 9:58 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

Ohhh, cool
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Tolkien_Freak



Joined: 26 Jul 2007
Posts: 1231
Location: in front of my computer. always.

PostPosted: Sat Jul 25, 2009 10:00 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

It's sort of funny - even though a lot of the vocab of proto-languages is animal-related, I have resisted adding words for animals to PKM since my brain subconsciously rejects them as 'not core vocab'. I need to add some to make it more realistic in its scope.

I haven't had any words for animals in any language I have yet made.
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achemel



Joined: 29 Mar 2009
Posts: 556
Location: up for debate

PostPosted: Sun Jul 26, 2009 3:50 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

I've had words for conworld fauna, but I think only one of my languages has any normal animals in it. Mostly because the translations I did to expand vocab didn't have any animals in them.
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