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ra cel

 
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achemel



Joined: 29 Mar 2009
Posts: 556
Location: up for debate

PostPosted: Mon Jun 29, 2009 2:35 am    Post subject: ra cel Reply with quote

I think I've finally put this together enough to post. (^_^) Hopefully. It's quite long, and I've put the Tower of Babel translation at the end. When I have a long moment I'll try to write it in script and post a picture as well.

First a little background: ra cel is the language of the Glimadh, or a race of fairy-nymph people who consider themselves to be the first branch of their kind and therefore are very haughty about it. They like to shun the Tadvárad especially, but aren't really on good terms with the uTimig (branch that lives in the south) or the groups that have broken off from them either. Genetically speaking the Glimadh aren't actually the first, but who's going to tell them that when they won't listen?

And so, we'll just pass over that and move on to the point of this thread.


Phonology:
a i u e y o w b d gh m s bh dh n t c f j nm th ch g l r v
[a i u ɛ ɪ o ɯ p ɾ x m s b ð n t k f ʥ nm/n: θ kt/ʃ g l r v]

Note that /nm/ is said [nm] when followed by a vowel, though it may become [nn] when speaking quickly and always is [nn]/_#
The same goes for /ch/, as [ʃ] word-initially and sometimes finally, as [kt] followed by a vowel, but [kt] where the /t/ is an unreleased stop word-finally, rather like English "act" (though I'm sure plenty of people pronounce the /t/; I personally don't).
/w/ is a voiced bilabial fricative word-initially, and /y/ usually becomes muted or [h] between vowels.

Vowel diacritics:
ä ü ë ö - /ë/ is a leftover from an older state wherein it had only grammatical properties, but now has replaced /ï/
[æ ø ə œ]
á í ú é ý ó ẃ
[ʲa ʲi ʲu ʲɛ ʲɪ ʲo ʲɯ]
ì ù è ò ẁ
[ɨ ʉ ə ʌ/ɔ ʊ]
â î û ê ŷ ô ŵ
[a: i: u: ɛ: ɪ:/y: o: ɯ:/ʌ] - ŷ and ŵ take the second pronunciations dialectally.
Semivowels:
ẅ h ll
[ɹ h l:/ɫ:] - /ll/ takes the second pronunciation following /a/ or preceding /i/ or /e/, and word-finally.
Diphthongs:
aë/aè [aə]
aẅ [aɹ]
áë/áè [ʲaə], áẅ [ʲaɹ], áâ [ʲa:]

ia/io/iä [ia/io/iæ]
iẅ [iɹ]
iá/ió [iʲa/iʲo]
ië/iè/iò [iə]
iâ/iô [ia:/io:]

ui/wi [ui/ɯi]
ue/we/uë/wë/uö/wö [uɛ/ɯɛ/uə/ɯə/uœ/ɯœ]
uü/uẅ/wü/wẅ [uø/uɹ/ɯø/ɯɹ]
/uá/ through /uẃ/ (pre-palatalization neutralizes low-high vowel relations), /wá/ through /wẃ/
uì/uè/uẁ/wì/wè [uɨ/uə/uʊ/ɯɨ/ɯə]
uî/uê/uŷ/wî/wê/wŷ [ui:/ue:/uy:/ɯi:/ɯe:/ɯɪ:]

ei/eo/eẅ [ej/ɛo/ɛɹ]
/eá/ through /eẃ/ (pre-palatalization neutralizes mid-low relations)
eì/eẁ [ɛɨ/ɛʊ]
eî/eê/eô/eŷ [ei:/e:/ɛo:/ɛɪ:]

/o/ is not a permissible diphthong head.
It can be assumed that lengthening of either vowel in a given diphthong is permitted; e.g. /ui/ /uî/ /ûi/ /ûî/

Geminates:
lr/ld/rd [ɾ:]
ll [l:/ɫ:]
rr/nn/ss/tt [r:/n:/s:/t:]


Grammatical points:

First of all, ra cel follows these orders:
VSO, ADV-V, article-N
Adjectives, described below, are a variable, and prepositions have varying positions as well – for example, “and” can occur as a prefix or between two words as a syllabic consonant.

Pronouns:
I /dle/, /lé/ we /lëi/ me /dlí/, /lí/ us /lëog/, /lóg/
You /thli/ you /bhíra/ you /thâ/
He /rwc/ him /rýc/
She /nâ/ they /béth/ her /nî/ them /bhíth/
It /dhẅ/ they /séd/ it /dhẃ/ them /dhâs/

Possessive pronoun adjectives: Possessive pronouns:
My /naë/ out /günmë/ mine /nagh/ ours /guügh/
Your /athë/ your /hóbhë/ yours /athi/ yours /hógh/
His /crâë/ his /crâd/
Her /nanë/ their /jë/ her /naj/ theirs /säj/
Its /sëb/ their /ìdhë/ its /sibhi/ theirs /dhegh/

Note that the possessive adjective forms must take an adjective particle; see below under "adjectives."

Reflexive pronouns:
Myself /éld/ ourselves /âlél/
Yourself /thül/ yourselves /cẃd/
Himself /tëibh/
Herself /hábh/ themselves /gánmë/
Itself /jôn/ themselves /loẅ/

Nouns:
When nouns are identical to a verb in any of its various forms, the noun takes the particle /té/ preceding it; this particle appears only when the noun and the verb occur in the same sentence, and generally can be omitted altogether except in writing and classrooms.
Noun-noun pairings are permitted (e.g. tree-house /ôbá-hyln/). Tense can be incorporated with the following morphemes:
Present /-aẅ/ past /-ëi/ future /-ui/

Examples: (using kitten /dertha-la/ and cat /dertha/)
A kitten that will be a cat – dertha+ui dertha-la --> derthui dertha-la
A cat that was a kitten once – dertha-la-ëi dertha --> dertha-lëi dertha
A cat that is a cat (i.e. catlike) – dertha-aẅ dertha --> derthâẅ dertha

Nounalization morpheme /sa/ /ca/ – is suffixed to adjectives:
e.g. bytóf [pɪtʲof] “hard” --> bytósa/bytóca [pɪtʲosa/pɪtʲoka] “hardness” – form by removing adj. morpheme and attaching nounalization morpheme.

Nounalization morpheme /sag/ /sagh/ – is suffixed to present progressive tense of verbs:
e.g. chémëu [ʃʲɛməu] “running (run-PP)” --> chémëusag/chémëusagh [ʃʲɛməusag/ʃʲɛməusax]
The nounalization morpheme occurs also as an introduction to subordinate clauses in writing; generally these are left out in modern spoken ra cel:
I know that he likes her – mahjä lí sa wör rwc nî [mahʥælʲisaβœrrɯkni:]

Articles:
Articles include the indefinite (definite is inherent), quantitative measures, and demonstratives:
Article isolated morphemic units
a/an ni n-, -n-
that icah ic-, c-, -i
this uìm û-, ûm-, -m-
some (type) dúr
many/some vét – this is a generally exclusive word (e.g. “some people” when not thinking of oneself)
few odh – this is a generally inclusive word (e.g. “a few people (like myself)”)

Adjectives:
Generally end in any of the following; /i/ /if/ /ir/ /r/ or /a/. Color adjectives are always irregular in that they end in consonants, and also serve as nouns when lacking an adjective particle (e.g. “green (adj.)” by itself means something more like “greenness”). There are four tiers of particles which identify an adjective with a given noun, and they generally fall after the adjective (though some dialects place them before). The tiers are divided according to the number of the noun carrying the adjective (e.g. tier one identifies with the first noun, tier two with the second, etc.). The particles exist because adjectives can go anywhere in a sentence.
Tier 1:
1st A 1st N - /i/
2nd A 1st N - /in/
3rd A 1st N - /il/
4th A 1st N - /iẅ/

Tier 2:
1st A 2nd N - /a/
2nd A 2nd N - /an/
3rd A 2nd N - /al/
4th A 2nd N - /aẅ/ --> not to be confused with the noun tense /-aẅ/

Tier 3:
1st A 3rd N - /u/
2nd A 3rd N - /un/
3rd A 3rd N - /ul/
4th A 3rd N - /uẅ/

Tier 4:
1st A 4th N - /ë/
2nd A 4th N - /ën/
3rd A 4th N - /ël/
4th A 4th N - /ëẅ/

Through this tier system you’re restricted to a max of four nouns with four adjectives apiece, though ra cel speakers do permit a lack of a particle for a fifth adjective, though its noun identification becomes ambiguous. In writing this can be manipulated through use of punctuation; commas, or “breaths,” mark sections in which the tiers can be reset, and stops serve the same purpose both in writing and speaking. Numbers immediately follow the noun and don’t take a particle.

Diminutives:
There is a diminutive adjective, /la/, for living things, and which usually suggests a smaller or younger version of a particular noun:
cat /dertha/ --> kitten /dertha-la/
man /bhút/ --> boy /bhút-la/ – this is the word for a prepubescent male; there is another word “boy” /hẁrro/ which pertains more to adolescents and young adults. The same goes for females; woman /dâja/ --> girl /dâja-la/ and girl /mébhi/.

There is a diminutive prefix /l/ for nonliving/inanimate things:
rock /ëloch/ --> pebble /lëloch/

There is a nesting diminutive suffix, /ec/, which applies to smaller units attached to a larger unit of a similar shape, for example arms to fingers or legs to toes (the arm includes the wrist and metacarpals, and the leg includes the tarsals and metatarsals), or a tree trunk to its branches:
arm /cnyl/ --> finger /cnylec/
tree-trunk /herdë/ --> branch /herdec/ – /ëe/ is not a conventional diphthong, and [ə] generally does not become long.
river /fálv/ --> stream (runoff or tributary to a river, not an individual stream) /fálvec/ (vs. “stream” /urrul/)

Superlatives:
The superlative is shown through prefixation of /hó/, from /heo/ “most.”
hórelẅasa [hʲorɛlɹasa] – most dangerous

The pre-superlative (/-er/) is shown through prefixation of /we/, from /weïf/ “up.”
werelẅasa [βɛrɛlɹasa] – more dangerous

There is also a sub-superlative, meaning “less” - /cw-/, from “down” /cẁv/.
cwrelẅasa [kɯrɛlɹasa] – less dangerous/not as dangerous (as it could be or is expected)

Negation:
Negation of anything, whether it’s a noun, adjective, or verb, is shown through following the word to be negated with /gyn/, a variant of “no” /gynj/.
Not a cat – dertha gyn [ɾɛrθagɪn]
Not lonely – niar gyn [niargɪn]
Doesn’t go – chî gyn [ʃi:gɪn]

Prepositions, conjunctions:
Isolated /morphemic unit
And - sa /s-, -s-, -s
But - wlí, oli, olli /ol-
If - avt
To/at/on - tä-
In - byth /by-
For/by means of - /ve-
From - svui /sv-
By - bul /u-, -b-, -u
Of - /jw-
Out of/from - lẅasv /vẅ-
So/that - ẅghé
Through - lẅen
Until - eib
With - grán /grá-, gr-, rá-, rán-, rá-, án-, -án, -n
“with” also can take /sa/ or /ca/ as a suffix according to dialect, so the following combinations are possible (using “cat”)
grán dertha grán dertha-ca grán dertha-sa
grá-dertha grá-dertha-ca grá-dertha-sa
rá-dertha rá-dertha-ca rá-dertha-sa
rán-dertha rán-dertha-ca rán-dertha-sa
án-dertha án-dertha-ca án-dertha-sa
dertha-án dertha-án-ca dertha-án-sa
dertha-n dertha-n-ca dertha-n-sa
gr-dertha – [gɾ:] is an atypical cluster, so this combination is not possible. However, should it precede a vowel or /s/ it would be acceptable.

Question words:
Who – sim [sim]
What – öth [œθ]
When – lönma [lœnna]
Where – hjenm [hʥɛnn]
Why – cui [kwi]
How – öj [œʥ]
Which – cnù [knʉ] – inherently dual (which of two)

These words usually occur in place of the object in a sentence:
What do you want? (want you what?) – wöl thli öth? [βœlθliœθ]
Which one do you want? (want you which?) – wöl thli cnù? [βœlθliknʉ]
Where are you going? (go you /you’re going where?) – chî/chîmëu thli hjenm? [ʃi:məuθlihʥɛnn]
Who is she? (is she who?) – ia nâ sim? [iana:sim]
Why are you here? (here are you why?) – eob ia thli cui? [ɛopiaθlikwi]
When shall we go? (go-FUT-IMP we when?) – chîghäm lëi lönma? [ʃi: xæmləilœnna]
How did you do that? (do-PAST you how?) – bhychë thli öj? [bɪktəθliœʥ]

Edit found another angry face in there... Laughing
_________________
I have some small knowledge of:
English, Japanese, Korean, Chinese, Spanish, French
I would like to learn:
Italian, Norwegian, Gaelic
Main conlangs:
ddamachel, tadvaradcel, ra cel, lashel, hemnalg, nomah


Last edited by achemel on Sun Jul 19, 2009 9:21 pm; edited 2 times in total
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achemel



Joined: 29 Mar 2009
Posts: 556
Location: up for debate

PostPosted: Mon Jun 29, 2009 2:50 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

Verbs:
All verbs end in a consonant, which is varied. Regular verbs conjugate like so:
INF – sro-gh [srox] – to play
PRES – sro [sro] – plays
CONT – sro-mëu [sroməu] – playing
FUT – sro-ghä [sroxæ] – will play
PAST – srogh-ë [sroxə] – played
PASTCONT (PC) – srogh-më [sroxmə] – was playing
TENT – sro-mia [sromja] – would play
Past in future – sro-liv [sroliv] – will have played
Future in past – sro-bhot [srobot] – would have played
There are two types of verbs which undergo an internal vowel change; there are the e-i verbs, and the a-o verbs.

Example: e-i conversion
INF – neár [nɛʲar] – to stop
PRES – nia [nia] – stops - except for the infinitive, /a/ loses its pre-palatalization
CONT – niamëu [niaməu] – stopping
FUT – niaghä [niaxæ] – will stop
PAST – niarë [niarə] – stopped – note the vowel change remains even though the infinitive is the base
PC – niarmë [niarmə] – was stopping
TENT – niamia [niamja] – would stop
Past in future – nialiv [nialiv] – will have played
Future in past – niabhot [niabot] – would have played

Example: a-o conversion
INF – theám [θɛʲam] – to read
PRES – theo [θɛo] – reads – except for the infinitive, /a/ loses its pre-palatalization
CONT – theomëu [θɛoməu] – reading
FUT – theoghä [θɛoxæ] – will stop
PAST – theomë [θɛomə] – stopped – not the vowel change remains even though the infinitive is the base
PC – theomë* [θɛomə] – was stopping – *[mm] is not a permissible geminate, so in this case the conjugation is irregular
TENT – theomia [θɛomja] – would read
Past in future – theoliv [θɛoliv] – will have read
Future in past – theobhot [θɛobot] – would have played
When a verb is used with another such as “begin to” or “be able to” it takes the present tense plus /ch/ [ʃ].
I can read – glê theoch lé [gle:θɛoʃlʲɛ], vs. glê theo lé [gle:θɛolʲɛ], which sounds like “I can I read” and makes sense only with the insertion of a comma or semicolon: “I can; I read.”

Reflexive verbs:
Reflexivity is marked with prefixation of /sôl/ to a verb, or use of the passive and a reflexive pronoun:
To read to oneself – sôltheám [so:lθɛʲam]
He likes himself – sôlwöl rwc [so:lwœlrɯk] or wölodh tëibh [βœloðtəib]
The reflexive “it” can be used when one doesn’t know or doesn’t want to specify the gender of a thing (he/she), or when making a generalization.

The imperative is suffixation of /m/ or /em/ (speaker’s preference) to the present tense, or prefixation of /a/ or /at/ if other suffixes are already attached and which would create an illegal diphthong or geminate:
Example:
Read! – theom! Or, atheo!
Have him read – theo-sô-em – theosôem; /o/ does not begin any diphthong, so the speaker would need to use either the suffix /m/ or one of the prefixes:
atheosô [aθɛoso:]/theosôm [θɛoso:m]

Use of the imperative + FUT forms the suggestive “let’s” or “shall”:
theoghäm [θɛoxæm]/ atheoghä [aθɛoxæ] – let’s stop

Passive voice is shown through suffixation of /odh/, the vowel of which generally gets absorbed:
theámodh [θɛʲamoð] – to be read
theo-odh, theôdh [θɛo:ð] – is read – note that the vowel absorption causes lengthening of the previous vowel
theo-mëu-odh, theomëûdh [θɛoməu:ð] – is being read
theo-ghä-odh, theoghädh [θɛoxæð] – will be read – note, /äo/ is not a permissible diphthong, so /o/ is dropped completely
theom-ë-odh, theomodh [θɛomoð] – was read – note that the past tense morpheme is the one dropped here
theom-më-odh, theomëdh [θɛoməð] – was being read – note that /o/ is dropped
theo-mia-odh, theomiâdh [θɛomja:ð] – would be read – note, /ao/ is not a permissible diphthong, so /o/ is absorbed

Causative voice is shown through suffixation of /sô/, which can be combined with the passive voice to form passive-causative and causative-passive:
theámodhsô [θɛʲamoðso:] – to be made to read
theámsôdh [θɛʲamso:ð] – to cause to be read

Volitional is shown through suffixation of /nu/ for the 1st and 2nd persons and /nü/ for 3rd person. It indicates both desire and intention:
theonu [θɛonu] – I/we/you want to read; I/we/you intend to read
theonü [θɛonø] – he/she/it/they want to read; he/she/it/they intend to read
theámodhnü [θɛʲamoðnø] – it wants to be read
theámodhsônu [θɛʲamoðsonu] – I want to be made to read

Mood:
Dubitative; there is a positive and a negative dubitative:
/iag/ (to be) – iag-nalla [jagnalla] – “might be”/ “if it is”
iag-ẅên [jagɹe:n] – “might not be”/ “if it isn’t”
The verb remains in the infinitive because… it just does.

Hypothetical mood; there is a positive and negative hypothetical, which can be used in combination with the dubitative:
/iag/ (to be) – chẁll-ia [ʃʊɫja] – “what if it is?”
chägh-ia [ʃæxja] – “what if it isn’t?”
chẁll-iag-nalla [ʃʊɫjagnalla] – “what if it might be?’
chägh-iag-ẅên [ʃæxjagɹe:n] – “what if it might not be?”
The affixes must agree in positivity when both occur.

Subjunctive mood; is a mutation of the dubitative/hypothetical, formed by prefixation of /all(a)/ for positive and /ẅâ/ for negative, and can be used with the volitional to emphasize particular desire:
/chîch/ (to go) – allachî lé [allaʃilʲɛ] – “if I were going”
allachînu lé [allaʃi:nulʲɛ] “if I were going (and I really want to)”
/iag/ (to be) – allia lé thli [aɫjalʲɛθli] – “if I were you”
allianu lé thli [aɫjanulʲɛθli] – “if I were you (and I wish I could be right about now)”

Permissive mood; variant of the imperative /em/ – /än/ is prefixed to the passive (literally meaning something like “that one does this is fine with me”):
/srogh/ (to play) – än-sro-odh, änsrôdh – you may play; it’s okay to play

Conditional mood; the conditional verbal affix is /cagh/, partially related to the nounalization morpheme /sag/ or /sagh/. This indicates only “if,” and can be intensified or made exclusive by beginning the phrase or sentence with /bérrinagh/, meaning “father mine” or, equivalently, “oh Lord,” much like Spanish /ojalá/.

Example: If I could read – theocagh lé [θɛokaxlʲɛ]
Oh, if only I could read! – bérrinagh theocagh lé! [pʲɛrrinaxθɛokaxlʲɛ]

Probability: this includes the senses of possibility and likelihood. The former is expressed through the word “maybe” /yt/ which precedes the verb phrase –
“maybe it is” – yt ia [ɪtia]
“likely/probably it is” – mîth ia [mi:θia]

There are three morphemic units which can replace the words “maybe” and “likely,” though use of them reduces the emphasis of one’s certainty to just “maybe.”
Verbs: take /ullë/ as a prefix – maybe it is a cat – ullë-ia n-dertha, ullia n-dertha [ullianɾɛrθa]
Nouns: take /ëẅs/ as a suffix – it is maybe a cat – ia n-derthaëẅs [ianɾɛrθaəɹs]
Adjectives: /a/ rises to /e/ /i/ or /u/ following liquids/semivowels, fricatives, and nasals respectively, and then it or the other (unchanged) vowels take /nnw/ as a suffix – it is maybe quiet – ia hysa-nnw, ia hysinnw [iahɪsinnɯ]
– it is maybe similar – ia erthir-nnw, ia erthinnw [iaɛrθinnɯ] – here the adjective morpheme /ir/ is reduced to /i/ because [rθnn] is a rather atypical consonant cluster, though not impossible.

In the case of color adjectives, which tend to end in consonants, the probability affix follows the same rules as above, though the proper vowel (following liquids, fricatives, and nasals) is inserted rather than raised from /a/ or left as is, since there is no vowel. In the occurrence of the adjective morphemes /ir/ and /if/ or /yf/, they are reduced to /i/ /i/ and /y/.

Note that these morphemic units are different from that of the dubitative, which is assigned strictly to the verb:
It might be quiet – iagnalla hysa [iagnallahɪsa] (vs.)
It is likely quiet – ia hysinnw [iahɪsinnɯ]
However, these can be combined to make “it might maybe be quiet (strong probability)” – iagnalla hysinnw. The tendency is to use one or the other, and include a truth intensifier (really, truly, actually) instead.

Necessity:
The verb “to need” /töllagh/ [tœllax] is used not only in needing an object but also for the necessity of an action. “I need that” follows the standard VSO structure – tölla lé icah [tœllalʲɛikah], but “I need/must/have to hide” requires, in order to follow the same structure, nounalization of the second verb –
tölla lé enmomëusagh [tœllalʲɛ:nnoməusax] (need-PRES I hide-CONT-noun).
The root of “to need,” /töll/, can be prefixed to the second verb in its perfect passive tense (literally, “(there is) necessity to be verb-ed”) – töllenmorëdh lé [tœllɛnnorəðlʲɛ].

Narrative voices:

When relating information heard firsthand, all basic tenses with the exception of the infinitive change form:
/srogh/ (to play)
PRES – elongation of the final vowel or, in the case of a consonant, suffixation of /â/ - srô – I hear he plays
CONT - /mëi/ or /mi/ - sromëi/sromi [sroməi/sromi] – I hear he’s playing
FUT - /ghô/ - sroghô [sroxo:] – I hear he’ll play
PAST - /hê/ - srohê [srohe:] – I hear he played
PC - /mâ/ - sromâ [sroma:] – I hear he was playing
TENT - /lë/ - srolë [srolə] – I hear he would play

When quoting information, /ẅj/ is suffixed to regular and e-i conversion verbs, and /hâ/ is suffixed to a-o conversion verbs:
/neár/ (to stop)
PRES - niaẅj [niaɹʥ] – he says “I stop”
CONT - niamëuẅj [niaməuɹʥ] – he says “I’m stopping”
FUT - niaghäẅj [niaxæɹʥ] – he says “I’ll stop”
PAST - niarëẅj [niarəɹʥ] – he says “I stopped”
PC - niarmëẅj [niarməɹʥ] – he says “I was stopping”
TENT - niamiaẅj [niamjaɹʥ] – he says “I’d stop”

/theám/ (to read)
PRES – theohâ [θɛoha:] – he says “I read”
CONT – theomëuhâ [θɛoməuha:] – he says “I’m reading”
FUT – theoghähâ [θɛoxæha:] – he says “I’ll read”
PAST – theomëhâ [θɛoməha:] – he says “I read”
PC – theomëhâ* [θɛoməha:] – he says “I was reading” – remember this particular verb is irregular in this tense
TENT – theomiahâ [θɛomjaha:] – he says “I’d read”

When relating information that was told to you, but not quoting, /ghe/ is prefixed to the verb:
/chîch/ (to go)
PRES – ghechî [xɛʃi:] – he says that he goes
CONT – ghechîmëu [xɛʃi:məu] – he says that he’s going
FUT – ghechîghä [xɛʃi: xæ] – he says that he’ll go
PAST – ghechîchë [xɛʃi:ktə] – he says that he went
PC – ghechîchmë [xɛʃi:ktmə] – he says that he was going
TENT – ghechîmia [xɛʃi:mja] – he says that he would go

Further tenses, voices, and moods can be added in the order desired:

He said that he will be made to go:
/ghechîghädhsô/ [xɛʃi: xæðso:]
NAR-go-FUT-PASS-CAUS
I would hear that he might play
/sroghômianalla/ [sroxo:mjanalla]
play-PRESNAR-TENT-pos.dub.

Gossip:
Gossip can be identified by the general use of the following sentence-starters:
/tä-fêra/ [tæfe:ra] – to fact; to the point – this is used when relating something one strongly believes to be true but which might not need to be said except for the specific purposes of gossip
/scŵdh däch/ [skɯ:ðɾæʃ] – so much as it is said (lit. say-PASS extent) – this expresses some doubt as to the veracity of the information following, and often leads to mild debate on the subject
/nâh/ [na:h] – hey, guess what? – this is the simplest and most direct form of introducing gossip, and is used exactly as it is in English, or any other language with a similar conversation starter.

Apology:
The apologetic mood is used in, obviously, apology, but it is more of a matter of being proper than actually apologizing; there are apology words for making a real apology, but this isn’t it:
Using a falling pitch, precede verbs with /ollhegyn/ [ollhɛgɪn] (from “but-well…-no”)
Example: (I’m sorry but) I have to go –
/ollhegyn tölla lé chîmëusagh/ [ollhɛgɪntœllalʲɛʃi:məusax] (but-well-no need-PRES I go-CONT-noun) literally, “sorry but I need the going.”
This can take the same form shown under necessity: ollhegyn töllchîchëdh lé [ollhɛgɪntœɫʃi:ktəðlʲɛ] (but-well-no need-go-PAST-PASS I) “sorry but I need to be gone.”


Tower of Babel – Flydel Bhäbhyl
1. Ôlla nvirë tere-läsvá scudhcô fés mhác-u fés.
2. Ôlla gnénmêdhsô ẅghé södhc mánmemëusagh-bhíth svui-ghläbh, sûlë béth tä-n-ghẁb by-rérdi jw-Sinar s-eob iathiaëdh mirru-bhíth.
3. Ôlla scwsëdh ẅül-bhíth: “Arra, iathiaghäm lóg donm, u-bölmëusagh jw-dhâs rá-héi-sa.” Njèm thlâdhë béth donm mhác ëlochon, u-thymëusôsagh jw-dhâs rá-lẅrasvâ cúchir a.
4. Ôlla scwsëdh ẅül-bhíth: “Arra, iathiaghäm lóg ni-nèc-s-n-flydel jw-cnù allachîmi u liji ým ẁmëin culj; sawe iathiaghäm âlél majër a, ẅghé lässimivnalla gẃj lóg.
5. Ôlla clybacë Adóim vêresnüch nèc-s-flydel cnù forröbhmëdh lan-jw-dhän-u.
6. Ôlla scwsë Adóim: “Ihe, dhélvodh béth sa scŵdh scudhcô fés u-bhíth; sa, ia uìm awe gaèvuth jw-icah-cnù bhychnalla béth: s-ôlla ime, iamia gyndheta a hímëusagh jw-bhíth svui-tere sa bhychnunalla béth.
7. Arra, clybaghäm-s-olnleghäm glesa jw-scudhcô-bhíth, ẅghé cëmiâdh ẅül-bhíth huöttigh.
8. Olla ócharëdh bhíth bul Adóim sa lwjésëdh forrömëusagh jw-nèc.
9. Olla billáthëdh flydel Bhäbhyl, ne eob iajresësôdh scudhcô jw-dhän bul Adóim, sa-sv-eob ócharëdh bhíth tä-tere-läsvá.

Then at that time used all-earth language one way-by one.
Then at that time was made to occur that during wandering(noun)-their from-east, came them to-a-meadow in-country of-Sinar and-there was-made home-their.
Then at that time was said among-them “Hey, build-FUT-IMP we brick(pl.), by-burning(noun) of-them with-fire.” Thus had they bricks as (way) stones, by-the causing to join (noun) of-them by-earth sticky (n2a1).
Then at that time was said among-them “Hey, build-FUT-IMP we a-town-and-a-tower of-which would-go(SUB) as high as heaven top; and then make-FUT-IMP ourselves famous (n2a1), that might-remain name-us.
Then at that time decended The First to see (dangling verb) town-and-tower which was being built children-of-men-by.
Then at that time said The First: “See, are united they and is spoken language one by-them; and, is this just start of-that-which might-do them: and so now, will be impossible (2n1a) keeping(noun) of-them from-all (sub.cl.) do-intend-might them.
Hey, descend-FUT-IMP-and-take ableness of-language-them, that will be understood among-them nothing.
Then at that time were scattered they by The first and was given up the building(noun) of-the-town.
Then at that time was called the tower Babel, because there was made to be confused the language of-men by The First, and-from-there were scattered they on-all-earth.


Pardon my extremely terrible gloss and lack of phonological transcription. Razz Comments and questions are welcome and indeed hoped for. (^_^)


*Edit: I discovered that some of my IPA had turned into angry faces, so I put spaces between the colon and the x, wherever it was. Narrative nonquoting, I think. (^_^)
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I have some small knowledge of:
English, Japanese, Korean, Chinese, Spanish, French
I would like to learn:
Italian, Norwegian, Gaelic
Main conlangs:
ddamachel, tadvaradcel, ra cel, lashel, hemnalg, nomah


Last edited by achemel on Wed Jul 01, 2009 3:20 am; edited 1 time in total
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eldin raigmore
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PostPosted: Mon Jun 29, 2009 9:54 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

Looks like you've put a lot of work into it.
I'll probably get to read it for real on Wednesday. In the meantime, I'll just say it looks meaty.
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achemel



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PostPosted: Tue Jun 30, 2009 12:02 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

Thanks! (^_^) I hope it makes sense when you get to read it...
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I have some small knowledge of:
English, Japanese, Korean, Chinese, Spanish, French
I would like to learn:
Italian, Norwegian, Gaelic
Main conlangs:
ddamachel, tadvaradcel, ra cel, lashel, hemnalg, nomah
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