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Aert
Joined: 03 Jul 2008 Posts: 354
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Posted: Thu Feb 03, 2011 7:39 pm Post subject: Word creation/derivation |
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Hey
So we were talking about various types of compounding in my morphology class and I figured it would be a good idea to put them up here - to give people ideas, or just a poll on which you commonly use, etc.
Here's the list:
Endocentric (the meaning of the compound is a subtype of the meaning of the semantic head: 'dogshow' is a type of show)
Exocentric (the semantic head of the compound is not found in the compound: 'pick-pocket' is neither a kind of pick, nor pocket - it's a person who does this)
Bahuvrihi (a compound that refers to a person who has [the compound]: 'redneck' <- a person who has a red neck)
Coordinative (Dvandva) (a compound with two semantic heads of equal 'strength': Punjabi 'raat-din' = 'night-and-day')
Appositional (the two elements refere to the same referent: 'maid-servent'; 'bittersweet')
Coordinate-Exocentric (the meaning is derived from the two constituents, but the semantic head is outside the compound: [can't remember the language]: 'thin-thick' = density; 'high-low' = height)
Synthetic (where one component of the compound is an argument of the other: 'church-goer'; 'dishwasher')
Affix (simultaneous derivation and compounding: 'blue-eyed' [would normally be 'blue eye' - no compounding - but the derivation -> 'eyed' makes the whole thing a compound adjective)
Neoclassical (a compound composed of combining forms from languages with such forms, eg Greek, Latin: 'democrat'; 'telephone' etc)
Which one(s) do you use the most?
Which are most interesting to you?
Last edited by Aert on Fri Feb 04, 2011 1:52 am; edited 1 time in total |
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eldin raigmore Admin
Joined: 03 May 2007 Posts: 1621 Location: SouthEast Michigan
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Posted: Fri Feb 04, 2011 12:15 am Post subject: |
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Aert wrote: | Neoclassical (a compound composed of combining forms from languages with such forms, eg Greek, Latin: 'democrat'; 'telephone' etc) |
A related topic:
Is an "endoclasm" just another word for a "break-in"? _________________ "We're the healthiest horse in the glue factory" - Erskine Bowles, Co-Chairman of the deficit reduction commission |
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Tolkien_Freak
Joined: 26 Jul 2007 Posts: 1231 Location: in front of my computer. always.
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Posted: Fri Feb 04, 2011 12:17 am Post subject: |
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This is pretty awesome, thanks! |
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Hemicomputer
Joined: 04 Feb 2008 Posts: 610 Location: Calgary, Alberta
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Posted: Sat Feb 05, 2011 7:25 pm Post subject: |
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This is a blessing! Word-formation has always been a sticking point for me in conlanging.
Quote: | Which one(s) do you use the most? |
I think Drumu would be mostly Endocentric, since adjectives are already synthesized to nouns. None of my other conlangs are developed enough for me to give you an answer.
Quote: | Which are most interesting to you? |
The coordinate and coordinate-exocentric are really interesting, since I've never come across them before. The neoclassical would be interesting to do in a conlang because it would require some other ancient civilization/language that the speakers think admire and romanticize. _________________ Bakram uso, mi abila, / del us bakrat, dahud bakrita! |
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Tolkien_Freak
Joined: 26 Jul 2007 Posts: 1231 Location: in front of my computer. always.
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Posted: Sun Feb 06, 2011 12:38 am Post subject: |
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What's the derivation of those two non-Neoclassical (^_^) terms, 'bahuviri' and 'dvandva'? They look Sanskrit to me, are they? |
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Aert
Joined: 03 Jul 2008 Posts: 354
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Posted: Sun Feb 06, 2011 3:23 am Post subject: |
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Quote: | 'bahuviri' and 'dvandva'? They look Sanskrit to me, are they? |
They are - good eye
Bahuvrihi means, more or less 'having much rice' (indicative of the type of compounding it is).
Dvandva means 'two and two' (I think?), also indicative of it's typology. |
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Tolkien_Freak
Joined: 26 Jul 2007 Posts: 1231 Location: in front of my computer. always.
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Posted: Sun Feb 06, 2011 4:15 am Post subject: |
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そうか、そうか。 They looked vaguely Sanskrit (they could have been anything really), but Sanskrit would have terms for that kind of thing.
Dvandva probably is some form of 'two and two', dva makes sense as Sanskrit 'two'. (This is a guess, but I can't imagine it being wrong.) |
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eldin raigmore Admin
Joined: 03 May 2007 Posts: 1621 Location: SouthEast Michigan
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Posted: Mon Feb 07, 2011 3:03 pm Post subject: |
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AFAIK Panini didn't exactly write down what he was thinking when he decided to call two-headed compounds "dvandva".
But it means a compound noun (usually a noun, anyway) in which both of the components are equally the head of the compound.
Bahuvrihi* ("much rice" or "having much rice") is an externally-headed compound in Sanskrit; it's a Sanskrit word meaning a very wealthy man. As a word in Sanskrit "bahuvrihi" is an example of a "bahuvrihi-type compound". As a word in English it just means such compounds.
*Note: "bahuvrihi" not "bahuviri". Unless I'm wrong. _________________ "We're the healthiest horse in the glue factory" - Erskine Bowles, Co-Chairman of the deficit reduction commission |
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Aert
Joined: 03 Jul 2008 Posts: 354
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Posted: Mon Feb 07, 2011 11:17 pm Post subject: |
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^thanks for the correction, luckily this was just a typo
But you're completely right in the meaning/denotion of the term |
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