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Basic sentences for testing grammar

 
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Tolkien_Freak



Joined: 26 Jul 2007
Posts: 1231
Location: in front of my computer. always.

PostPosted: Mon Mar 08, 2010 2:25 am    Post subject: Basic sentences for testing grammar Reply with quote

Based on something off the Conlang listserv, namely this. I've modified it to cut down on the vocabulary range even further, mostly since I seem to ignore animal words when coming up with vocab (so Emitare so far has no animal words, IDK if it even has 'animal' yet). I've tried to make it more standardized so the relevant changes don't get lost among several irrelevant changes.

It might come out a bit IE-centric, if your lang does something interesting that wouldn't be shown add a sentence for it. (If your lang generally uses a gender-neutral word for 'man', go with the 'male' one - it draws a contrast between 'the man' and 'the woman' several times.)

TO BE

The man is. (I.e. he exists)
The man is tall.
The man is a person.
The man is at the house.

TENSES

I had gone. (past, completed before another past action)
I had been going. (past, not completed before another past action)
I had been about to go. (past, not begun before another past action)
I have gone. (past, completed before present)
I went. (plain, completed past)
I was going. (plain, not completed past)
I was about to go. (past, not begun before reference point)
I am going. (present, not completed)
I am about to go. (present, not yet begun)
I will go. (plain future)
I will be going. (future, not completed before reference point)
I will be about to go. (future, not begun before reference point)
I will have gone. (future, completed before another future action)
I would have gone if you had not been here. (past contrary-to-fact, might be a mood)
I would go if you were not here. (present contrary-to-fact, might be a mood)
[if negatives change things, you can repeat the above with 'I am not going' and so forth]

VOICES

I see him.
I am seen by him. (object > subject, subject > oblique phrase)
(if someone can think of a good middle voice example with basic vocab, tell me)
I make him see me. (causation)
I make him happy. (not necessarily a voice, but IDK where else it would go)
I let him see me. (permission, though this generally isn't a whole voice)
I help him see me. (helping)
I see myself. (reflexive)
Me and you see each other.

MOODS

I see him.
I certainly see him.
People see. (in general)
I guess he sees me. (I don't know for sure.)
I probably see him.
If I see him, he will go. (conditional)
May he see you!
Let us see him.
See me!
I want to see him.
I want him to see me.
Do you see him?
As far as I know, he saw me.
I must see him. (necessity)
I'm supposed to see him. (obligation)
It must be there! (expectation)
I can see him. (ability)
I may see him. (permission)

BASIC CASES (this could use some work)

I see.
I see him.
I am here.
I go.
This is my house. (alienable)
This is my eye. (unalienable)
I make it for him.

NUMBERS

I have a house.
I have one house.
I have a pair of houses.
I have 10 houses. (not ten, but whatever one-zero means: in Emitare that's 8 houses)
I have about 10 houses.
I have every house.
I have some houses. (I don't know how many.)
I have some houses. (less than half)
I have half of the houses.
I have most of the houses. (more than half)
I have no houses.
I have part of a house.
Houses in general are tall.

PRONOUNS
(repeat any if gender or such is relevant, or you can add some sentences for demonstrating radically different case forms (say, I/me))

I see the man.
You (sg) see the man.
He/she/it sees the man.
We see the man. (You do not.)
We see the man. (You also do.)
You (pl) see the man.
They see the man.

I see myself.
I myself see the man.

He saw the man enter his house. ("his" meaning the subject's)
He saw the man enter his house. ("his" meaning the man's)

(I wish I could think of how to test fourth person)

DEMONSTRATIVES

The man goes.
A man goes.
The man is here. (near me)
The man is there. (near you)
The man is yonder. (near neither of us - normally the English is 'there')
This man is here.
That man is here.
Yonder man is here.

QUESTION PRONOUNS

Where are you?
Where are you going?
What is this?
What are you doing?
Who are you?
How many men do you see?
How are you doing that?
Why are you doing that?
When will you be there?

MODIFYING

The man is tall.
The tall man is going.
The man who I saw is going.
The man goes slowly.
The man is very tall.
The man goes very slowly.

ADPOSITIONS OR LOCATIVE CASES

The man is here.
The man is at the house.
The man is going out of the house.
The man is outside of the house.
The man is walking around the house. (outside the house)
The man is walking around the house. (inside the house)
The man is going into the house.
The man is in the house.
The man is near the house.
The man is walking past the house.
The man is on top of the house.
The man is going to the house.
The man is going toward the house.
The food is for the man. (for the use or benefit of)
The man walked to the house for food. (I.e. in order to get food)
The man is walking with the woman.
The man jumps over the water.
The man walks through the water.
The man walks under the tree.
The man stands against the tree.
The man is between the woman and the house.
The man walks in front of the woman. (no intent to be sexist here Razz)
The woman walks behind the man.
The man eats after the woman. (sequence in time)
The woman eats before the man. (sequence in time)
The man walks up the hill.
The man walks down the hill.
The man walks away from the house.
The man walks toward the house.
The woman is among the men.
The water moves inward. (toward a point possibly from different directions)
The water moves outward. (away from a point possibly in different directions)

SUBORDINATE CLAUSES of some kind or other

I see the man going there.
I see the man that goes there.
I know that the man goes there.
He sees me while he is walking.
I will go until I see you.
I go because I saw you.
I like going there.

COMPARISONS

I am as tall as you.
I am taller than you.
I am the tallest.
I am too tall.
I am less tall than you. (if you use a separate verb put it here anyway, that's relevant)
I am the least tall.
I am not tall enough.


Feel free to post suggestions! The Emitare will follow in a separate post.
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Tolkien_Freak



Joined: 26 Jul 2007
Posts: 1231
Location: in front of my computer. always.

PostPosted: Mon Mar 08, 2010 3:06 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

I've cut out some stuff that I have yet to do.
For some reason all of the verbs here come out as yar- (do), yat- (go) and yal- (see) Razz

TO BE

E olu.
The man is. (I.e. he exists)
Ture olu.
The man is tall.
Li olu.
The man is a person.
Ryame olu.
The man is at the house.

TENSES

Yatunu ö.
I had gone. (past, completed before another past action)
Yatunuma ö.
I had been going. (past, not completed before another past action)
Yatunumi ö.
I had been about to go. (past, not begun before another past action)
Yathu ö.
I have gone. (past, completed before present)
Yatu ö.
I went. (plain, completed past)
Yatuna ö.
I was going. (plain, not completed past)
Yatuni ö.
I was about to go. (past, not begun before reference point)
Yatha ö.
I am going. (present, not completed)
Yathi ö.
I am about to go. (present, not yet begun)
Yatji ö.
I will go. (plain future)
Yatjira ö.
I will be going. (future, not completed before reference point)
Yatjiri ö.
I will be about to go. (future, not begun before reference point)
Yatjiru ö.
I will have gone. (future, completed before another future action)
Yatune ö mereluruleve ma.
I would have gone if you had not been here. (past contrary-to-fact, might be a mood)
Yate ö merelureve ma.
I would go if you were not here. (present contrary-to-fact, might be a mood)
[if negatives change things, you can repeat the above with 'I am not going' and so forth]

VOICES

Yo ö la.
I see him.
Yo la ö.
I am seen by him. (object > subject, subject > oblique phrase)
(if someone can think of a good middle voice example with basic vocab, tell me)
Ya ö yale le ö.
I make him see me. (causation)
Ya ö yae la.
I make him happy. (not necessarily a voice, but IDK where else it would go)
Yo ö sja.
I see myself. (reflexive)

MOODS

Yo ö la.
I see him.
Yalje ö la.
I certainly see him.
Yo leso.
People see. (in general)
Yove ö la, ya le.
If I see him, he will go. (conditional)
Yalje öljö la.
Let us see him.
Yalje ö!
See me!
Evü ö yale le ö.
I want to see him.
Evü ö yale ö la.
I want him to see me.
Yalo la?
Do you see him?
Yaluza ö la.
I must see him. (necessity)
Yaleta ö la.
I'm supposed to see him. (obligation)
Mereluva ke!
It must be there! (expectation)
Yaluze ö la.
I can see him. (ability)
Yaluze ö la.
I may see him. (permission)

BASIC CASES (this could use some work)

Yo ö.
I see.
Yo ö la.
I see him.
Meri la.
The man is here. (changed because ö is the same in act and stat)
Ya le.
The man goes.
Ölhe re kera.
This is my house. (alienable)
Ölhe ie kera.
This is my eye. (unalienable)
Ina ö ka leai.
I make it for him.

NUMBERS

Eru ö rya.
I have a house.
Eru ö ryasu.
I have one house.
Eru ö ryaljö.
I have every house.
Eru ö ryalhu.
I have some houses. (I don't know how many.)
Eru ö ryalha.
I have some houses. (less than half)
Eru ö ryalhe.
I have most of the houses. (more than half)
Eru ö ryalju.
I have no houses.
Eru ö ryalha. (form is same as LPAUC-STAT)
I have part of a house.

PRONOUNS
Pronouns in Emitare are like Japanese pronouns - they're not a separate class of words in any sense other than that they might refer to the speaker or the listener rather than an uninvolved person or object. 'It' is generally 'ke', the word for 'thing', and 'him/her' is generally 'le' (person). There's a lot of work I have left to do on them.
(I'm using 'ö' for 1p and 'me' for 2p.)

DEMONSTRATIVES

Ya le.
The man goes.
Ya le.
A man goes.
Meri la.
The man is here. (near me)
Meri la.
The man is there. (near you)
Meri la. (same in all three ^_^)
The man is yonder. (near neither of us - normally the English is 'there')
Meri lera.
This man is here.
Meri lera.
That man is here.
Meri lera.
Yonder man is here.

QUESTION PRONOUNS

Meke ma?
Where are you?
Mekamai ya me?
Where are you going?
Kete kera?
What is this?
Zeka e me?
What are you doing?
Leke ma?
Who are you?
Zekaze ya me zera?
How are you doing that?
Vekai ya me zera?
Why are you doing that?
Nekama meri ma?
When will you be there?

MODIFYING

Ture la.
The man is tall.
Ya turale le.
The tall man is going.
Ya ö yalune le.
The man who I saw is going.

MORE TO COME L4T0R
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Hemicomputer



Joined: 04 Feb 2008
Posts: 610
Location: Calgary, Alberta

PostPosted: Mon Mar 08, 2010 3:25 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

I have been wanting a list like this for ages! A thousand thanks!

I'll try to get some of these finished soon. I've thrown out all but three of my conlangs now, and none of those are too far developed.
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Bakram uso, mi abila, / del us bakrat, dahud bakrita!
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achemel



Joined: 29 Mar 2009
Posts: 556
Location: up for debate

PostPosted: Mon Mar 22, 2010 5:39 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

I've done it in a dialect of Hemnälg, as standard would've been a bit boring. I probably will do ra cel next, but I'll only post it if I finish the whole list. (^_^)


(Värhelklad dialect)
TO BE – sury

The man is.
Stit sar.
The man is tall.
Stit sar fälje.
The man is a person.
Stit sar susje.
The man is at the house.
Stit sar låkac.

TENSES

I had gone.
Talal.
I had been going.
Sul taläng.
I had been about to go.
Sul tajee.
I have gone.
Talal.
I went.
Tal.
I was going.
Taläng.
I was about to go.
Sul täängry.
I am going.
Tääng.
I am about to go.
Tary.
Sar tary.
Tajee.
I will go. (plain future)
Tajee.
I will be going.
Täängjee.
I will be about to go.
Sarjee tary.
I will have gone.
Taje.
I would have gone if you had not been here.
Tajehö på salalå nusjv.
I would go if you were not here.
Tajeehö på serå nusjv.

VOICES

I see him.
Se ritec.
I am seen by him.
Surså ritilå.
Sår sin lum.
I make him see me. (causation)
Hälång se lum.
I make him happy.
Lus näst mera ritec.
I let him see me.
Sjerne se lum.
I help him see me. (helping)
Rasjem se lum.
I see myself. (reflexive)
Se lusi.
Me and you see each other.
Lus yĝ dy se isjne.

MOODS

I see him.
Se ritec.
I certainly see him.
Se ritec aj.
Kallac se ritec.
People see. (in general)
Skörran se.
I guess he sees me. (I don't know for sure.)
Pryduk gyl se lum.
I probably see him.
Skågec se ritec.
If I see him, he will go. (conditional)
På se(hö) ritec, tijee.
May he see you!
Sjerneen sejee dyc!
Gyl sejee dyc!
Let us see him.
Sjerneen biric ritnej.
Sjerneen ulsec ritilå.
See me!
Seen lum!
I want to see him.
Ris se ritec.
I want him to see me.
Ris gyl se lum.
Do you see him?
Se(då) ritec?
As far as I know, he saw me.
If mid lus, sin lum.
I must see him. (necessity)
Samne se ritec.
I'm supposed to see him. (obligation)
Sejeen (lum) ritec.
It must be there! (expectation)
Sarjee (aj) rrisjv!
I can see him. (ability)
Ska se ritec.
I may see him. (permission)
Sjerne lum se ritec.
Dy se ritec.

BASIC CASES (this could use some work)

I see.
Se.
I see him.
Se ritec.
I am here.
Sår nusjv.
I go.
Ta.
This is my house. (alienable)
Lyka sör lud låka.
(I have a house. (alienable)
Ĝät låka.)
This is my eye. (unalienable)
Lyka sar lud es.
(I have an eye. (unalienable)
Sar es lum.)
I make it for him.
Näst lus ritec.

NUMBERS

I have a house.
Sör låka lum.
Lum sör låka.
I have one house.
Sör al låka lum.
I have a pair of houses.
Ser nak låkal lum.
I have 10 houses. (not ten, but whatever one-zero means: in Emitare that's 8 houses)
Ser bär låkal lum. (11)
I have about 10 houses.
Ser klå gånd låkal lum.
I have every house.
Ser sår låkal lum.
Sör ös låka lum.
I have some houses. (I don't know how many.)
Ser nul låkal lum.
I have some houses. (less than half)
Ser nak låkal lum.
I have half of the houses.
Ser fjet sår låkal lum.
I have most of the houses. (more than half)
Ser amhul låkal lum.
I have no houses.
Sör hää al låka lum.
I have part of a house.
Ĝät hul låkac.
Houses in general are tall.
Låkal lääc ser fulje.

PRONOUNS
(repeat any if gender or such is relevant, or you can add some sentences for demonstrating radically different case forms (say, I/me))

I see the man.
Se stitec.
You (sg) see the man.
Se stitec.
He/she/it sees the man.
Se stitec.
We see the man. (You do not.)
Se stitec.
We see the man. (You also do.)
Se stitec.
You (pl) see the man.
Se stitec.
They see the man.
Se stitec.


Something with a bit more gender marking might be “to have” /ĝist/:
I have a pen.
Ĝät spögyc.
You(sg) have a pen.
Ĝet spögyc.
He/she/it has a pen.
Ĝad/Ĝöd spögyc.
We have a pen.
Ĝät (kar) spögyc.
You(pl) have a pen.
Ĝet spögyc.
They have a pen.
Ĝet spögyc.

I see myself.
Se lusi.
I myself see the man.
Lus se stitec.

He saw the man enter his house. ("his" meaning the subject's)
Rit sin stitec på kärit ritis låkac.
He saw the man enter his house. ("his" meaning the man's)
Rit sin stitec på kärit vli låkac.


DEMONSTRATIVES

The man goes.
Stit ti.
A man goes.
Stit ti.
The man is here. (near me)
Stit sar nusjv.
The man is there. (near you)
Stit sar rrisjv.
The man is yonder. (near neither of us - normally the English is 'there')
Stit sar dyå.
This man is here.
Lyka stit sar nusjv.
That man is here.
Små stit sar nusjv.
Yonder man is here.
Neng stit sar nusjv.

QUESTION PRONOUNS

Where are you?
Grym ser?
Where are you going?
Cläsj tag?
What is this?
Räb sar lyka?
What are you doing?
Räb peräng?
Who are you?
Ser nik?
How many men do you see?
Dej åbur stitår se?
How are you doing that?
Dej hulalå peräng?
Why are you doing that?
Rräsk peräng?
When will you be there?
Hvist ser rrisjv?

MODIFYING

The man is tall.
Stit sar fälje.
The tall man is going.
Fälje stit tihäng.
The man who I saw is going.
Så stit tihäng.
The man goes slowly.
Stit äldigilå ti.
The man is very tall.
Stit sar äät fälje.
The man goes very slowly.
Stit äät äldigilå ti.

ADPOSITIONS OR LOCATIVE CASES

The man is here.
Stit sar nusjv.
The man is at the house.
Stit sar låkac.
The man is going out of the house.
Stit tihäng låkag.
The man is outside of the house.
Stit sar ås låkag.
The man is walking around the house. (outside the house)
Stit darrystå ås låkaun.
The man is walking around the house. (inside the house)
Stit darrystå demk låkac.
The man is going into the house.
Stit käritäng låkac.
The man is in the house.
Stit sar låkac.
The man is near the house.
Stit sar låkaun.
The man is walking past the house.
Stit gryydarrystå låkaun.
The man is on top of the house.
Stit sar låk(ac)ån.
The man is going to the house.
Stit tihäng låkanuj.
The man is going toward the house.
Stit tihäng låkanuj.
The food is for the man. (for the use or benefit of)
Hymar sör stitec.
The man walked to the house for food. (I.e. in order to get food)
Stit darryl låkanuj så häg hymaryc.
The man is walking with the woman.
Stit darrystå nåbyckålå.
The man jumps over the water.
Stit vörsk nar fölnån.
The man walks through the water.
Stit darry fölntåg.
The man walks under the tree.
Stit darry låmöp.
The man stands against the tree.
Stit dat stis låmyc.
The man is between the woman and the house.
Stit sar yy nåbyckac yĝ låkac.
The man walks in front of the woman.
Stit darry pägnaj nåbyckac.
Stit darry pägnaj nåbyckaun. "The man walks a bit in front of the woman."
The woman walks behind the man.
Nåbycka darry ulj stitec.
Nåbycka darry ulj stiten. “The woman walks close behind the man.”
The man eats after the woman. (sequence in time)
Stit dåf tara/bilka nåbycka dåf.
The woman eats before the man. (sequence in time)
Nåbycka dåf jää stit dåf.
The man walks up the hill.
Stit darry rygrick.
The man walks down the hill.
Stit darry usbrick.
The man walks away from the house.
Stit darry (neng) låkag.
The man walks toward the house.
Stit darry låkanuj.
The woman is among the men.
Nåbycka sör stejb stitårec.
The water moves inward. (toward a point possibly from different directions)
Föln pire bynaj.
The water moves outward. (away from a point possibly in different directions)
Föln pire åsnaj.

SUBORDINATE CLAUSES of some kind or other

I see the man going there.
Se stitec på ti rrisjv(naj).
I see the man that goes there.
Se stitec gyl ti rrisjv(naj).
I know that the man goes there.
Mid lus gyl stit ti rrisjv(naj).
He sees me while he is walking.
Se lum is darrystå.
I will go until I see you.
Tajee if se dyc.
I go because I saw you.
Ta såfy så dyc.
I like going there.
Håmår lus tam rrisjv(naj).

COMPARISONS

I am as tall as you.
(Lus) sår i fulje i dy.
I am taller than you.
Sår fuljön nu dyc.
I am the tallest.
Sår fuljång dir.
I am too tall.
Sår ärde fulje.
Sår böda fulje.
I am less tall than you.
Sårå i fulje i dy.
I am the least tall.
Sårå fuljång dir.
I am not tall enough.
Lud nukäp klenneså. “My bones don’t fit right.”
_________________
I have some small knowledge of:
English, Japanese, Korean, Chinese, Spanish, French
I would like to learn:
Italian, Norwegian, Gaelic
Main conlangs:
ddamachel, tadvaradcel, ra cel, lashel, hemnalg, nomah
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achemel



Joined: 29 Mar 2009
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Location: up for debate

PostPosted: Thu Mar 25, 2010 4:52 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

I feel like I'm hogging this thread but somehow I've managed to do it all in ra cel as well... A dialect this time too, but only because it has a definite article, not just an indefinite one.


Wemegh cel
TO BE /iagh/

The man is. (I.e. he exists)
Jönia du-bhút.
The man is tall.
(Du)-bhútaẅ i lyheca.
The man is a person.
(Du)-bhútaẅ n-dhä.
The man is at the house.
Ia du-bhút tä-du-sobẁvc.

I used the nounal present tense affix here, which isn't exactly orthodox, but it is done sometimes. I used the verb "to be" in the comparative section at the end.

TENSES

I had gone.
Iaghë chîchë léê.
I had been going.
Iaghë chîmäu léê.
I had been about to go.
Iaghë chînu.
I have gone.
Iaghë chîchë léê.
I went.
Chîchë léê.
I was going.
Chîchmë léê.
I was about to go.
Iaghë chînu.
I am going.
Chîmëu léê.
I am about to go.
Mên chînu.
I will go.
Chîghä léê.
I will be going.
Iaghä chîmëu léê.
I will be about to go.
Iaghä chînu.
I will have gone.
Chîliv léê.
I would have gone if you had not been here.
Chîbhot léê avt iaghë iaghë gyn líbh ib.
Chîbhot léê ẅâiaghë líbh ib.
I would go if you were not here.
Chîmia léê avt ẅâia líbh ib.

VOICES

I see him.
Vêre léê rýc.
I am seen by him.
Vêrêdh léê u-rýc.
I make him see me.
Vêresô léê rýc líi.
I make him happy.
Iënmasô léê rýc cwvirca.
I let him see me.
Änvêrêdh rwc líi.
I help him see me.
Cena léê rýc sa vêres líi.
I see myself.
Sôlvêre léê.
Vêrêdh éldh.
Me and you see each other.
Vêre léê-s-líbh tu-nan.

MOODS

I see him.
Vêre léê rýc.
I certainly see him.
Tachèẅ vêre léê rýc.
People see.
Vêre dhädhä.
I guess he sees me.
Yt vêrenalla rwc líi.
I probably see him.
Mîth vêre léê rýc.
If I see him, he will go.
Vêrecagh léê rýc, chîghä rwc.
May he see you!
Allavêre rwc liäs!
Let us see him.
Atnavti lëog vêres rýc.
See me!
Vêrem líi!
Atvêre líi!
I want to see him.
Vêrenu rýc.
I want him to see me.
Vêrêdhnu u-rýc.
Do you see him?
Vêre líbh rýc?
As far as I know, he saw me.
Yt maëmëu, vêresë rwc líi.
I must see him.
Tölvêresëdh léê rýc.
Tölla léê vêremëusagh (jw-)rýc.
I'm supposed to see him.
Biaghsâdh vêremëusagh-nagh (jw-)rýc.
It must be there!
Hiáma iam eob!
I can see him.
Glê vêrech léê rýc.
I may see him.
Navtîdh vêrech léê rýc.

BASIC CASES (this could use some work)

I see.
Vêre léê.
I see him.
Vêre léê rýc.
I am here.
Ia léê ib.
I go.
Chî léê.
This is my house. (alienable)
Ia uìm sobẁvc-nagh.
Ia uìm sobẁvc a naë.
This is my eye. (unalienable)
Ia uìm terthë-nagh.
Ia uìm terthë a naë.
I make it for him.
Iathia léê cẃ ve-rýc.

NUMBERS

I have a house.
Thlâ léê n-sobẁvc.
I have one house.
Thlâ léê fés sobẁvc.
I have a pair of houses.
Thlâ léê gŷgh sobẁvcn.
I have 10 houses.
Thlâ léê iam sobẁvcn.
I have about 10 houses.
Thlâ léê seî iam sobẁvcn.
I have every house.
Thlâ léê sobẁvc a abhâta.
Thlâ léê tere-sobẁvc.
I have some houses.
Thlâ léê ûr sobẁvcn.
I have some houses.
Thlâ léê wdh sobẁvcn.
I have half of the houses.
Thlâ léê ìmb dhiäg jw-sobẁvcn.
I have most of the houses.
Thlâ léê heo sobẁvcn.
I have no houses.
Thlâ léê n-sobẁvc gyn.
Thlâ gyn léê an n-sobẁvc.
I have part of a house.
Thlâ léê n-srnv jw-n-sobẁvc.
Houses in general are tall.
Ia sobẁvcn i liji.

PRONOUNS
(repeat any if gender or such is relevant, or you can add some sentences for demonstrating radically different case forms (say, I/me))

I see the man.
Vêre léê du-bhút.
You (sg) see the man.
Vêre líbh du-bhút.
He/she/it sees the man.
Vêre rwc/nâ/cẅ du-bhút.
We see the man. (You do not.)
Vêre lëi du-bhút.
We see the man. (You also do.)
Vêre lëi du-bhút.
Vêre tere-lëi du-bhút.
You (pl) see the man.
Vêre bhídh du-bhút.
They see the man.
Vêre bêd du-bhút. (plural of “s/he”)
Vêre sêd du-bhút. (plural of “it”)

I see myself.
Sôlvêre léê.
Vêrêdh éldh.
I myself see the man.
Vêre lég du-bhút.

He saw the man enter his house. ("his" meaning the subject's)
Vêresë rwc du-bhút sa nüemë sobẁvc-crâd.
He saw the man enter his house. ("his" meaning the man's)
Vêresë rwc du-bhút sa nüemë sobẁvc-crâd.

(I wish I could think of how to test fourth person)

DEMONSTRATIVES

The man goes.
Chî du-bhút.
A man goes.
Chî n-bhút.
The man is here. (near me)
Ia du-bhút ib.
The man is there. (near you)
Ia du-bhút eob.
The man is yonder. (near neither of us - normally the English is 'there')
Ia du-bhút eob (a yfior).
This man is here.
Ia ûm-bhút ib.
That man is here.
Ia bhút-i ib.
Ia ic-bhút ib.
Yonder man is here.
Ia bhút i yfior ib.
Ia bhút ib i yfior.

QUESTION PRONOUNS

Where are you?
Ia líbh hjenm?
Where are you going?
Chîmëu líbh tä-hjenm?
What is this?
Ia uìm öth?
What are you doing?
Bhymëu líbh öth?
Who are you?
Ia líbh sim?
How many men do you see?
Vêre líbh öj dhiäg jw-bhútn?
Vêre líbh däch bhútn?
How are you doing that?
Bhymëu líbh öj?
Why are you doing that?
Bhymëu líbh cui?
When will you be there?
Iaghä líbh eob lönma?

MODIFYING

The man is tall.
Ia du-bhút i lyheca.
The tall man is going.
Chîmëu du-bhút i lyheca.
The man who I saw is going.
Chîmëu vêresëch du-bhút i naë.
Chîmëu du-bhút sa vêresëch léê.
The man goes slowly.
Sêilèẅ chî du-bhút.
The man is very tall.
Ny ia du-bhút i lyheca.
The man goes very slowly.
Ny sêilèẅ chî du-bhút.

ADPOSITIONS OR LOCATIVE CASES

The man is here.
Ia du-bhút ib.
The man is at the house.
Ia du-bhút tä-du-sobẁvc.
The man is going out of the house.
Chîmëu du-bhút vẅ-sobẁvc.
The man is outside of the house.
Ia du-bhút lẅas-sv-du-sobẁvc.
The man is walking around the house. (outside the house)
Ghilemëu du-bhút lẅasseî-du-sobẁvc.
The man is walking around the house. (inside the house)
Ghilemëu du-bhút seî du-sobẁvc.
The man is going into the house.
Chîmëu du-bhút bytä-du-sobẁvc.
The man is in the house.
Ia du-bhút by-du-sobẁvc.
The man is near the house.
Ia du-bhút u-du-sobẁvc i ènsir.
The man is walking past the house.
Ghilemëu du-bhút bul du-sobẁvc.
The man is on top of the house.
Ia du-bhút tä-du-culj jw-du-sobẁvc.
The man is going to the house.
Chîmëu du-bhút tä-du-sobẁvc.
The man is going toward the house.
Chîmëu du-bhút tä-du-sobẁvc.
The food is for the man. (for the use or benefit of)
Ia du-gadas ve-du-bhút.
The man walked to the house for food. (I.e. in order to get food)
Ghilemë du-bhút tä-du-sobẁvc gadas-müe.
The man is walking with the woman.
Ghilemëu du-bhút rán-du-dâja.
The man jumps over the water.
Cmoga du-bhút tâ-du-mòlým.
The man walks through the water.
Ghile du-bhút lẅen du-mòlým.
The man walks under the tree.
Ghile du-bhút há-du-hâẅj.
The man stands against the tree.
Ja du-bhút rind tä-du-hâẅj.
The man is between the woman and the house.
Ia du-bhút tû-du-dâja-s-sobẁvc.
The man walks in front of the woman.
Ghile du-bhút géttä-du-dâja.
The woman walks behind the man.
Ghile du-dâja bläthtä-du-bhút.
The man eats after the woman. (sequence in time)
Ẅvẅ du-bhút mu-du-dâja.
The woman eats before the man. (sequence in time)
Ẅvẅ du-dâja gét-du-bhút.
The man walks up the hill.
Ghile du-bhút tä-du-seác a weif.
The man walks down the hill.
Ghile du-bhút cw-du-seác.
The man walks away from the house.
Ghile du-bhút (lôar)-sv-du-sobẁvc.
The man walks toward the house.
Ghile du-bhút tä-du-sobẁvc.
The woman is among the men.
Ia du-dâja ẅül du-bhútn.
The water moves inward. (toward a point possibly from different directions)
Aèr du-mòlým tä-byth.
The water moves outward. (away from a point possibly in different directions)
Aèr du-mòlým tä-lẅas.

SUBORDINATE CLAUSES of some kind or other

I see the man going there.
Vêre léê du-bhút ým chî rwc eob.
I see the man that goes there.
Vêre léê du-bhút sa chî eob.
I know that the man goes there.
Maë léê sa chî du-bhút eob.
He sees me while he is walking.
Vêre rwc líi södhc ghilemëu rwc.
I will go until I see you.
Chîghä léê eib vêre léê lâ.
I go because I saw you.
Chî léê ne vêresëch léê lâ.
I like going there.
Wör léê ô-chîmëusagh jw-tä-eob.

COMPARISONS

I am as tall as you.
Ia léê u lyheca ým lâ.
I am taller than you.
Ia léê ná lâ i welyheca.
I am the tallest.
Ia léê i hólyheca.
Ia lég i hólyheca (emphasis on “I”)
I am too tall.
Ia léê däch i lyheca.
I am less tall than you.
Ia léê ná lâ i cwlyheca.
I am the least tall.
Ia léê du-eny a hólyheca.
Ia lég du-eny a hólyheca. (emphasis on “I”)
I am not tall enough.
Ia léê árâ gyn i lyheca. (this actually is kind of positive.)
Ia gyn léê árâ i lyheca. (this is more negative, and closer to the English.)
Ia léê árâ i lyheca gyn. ("I am enough not-tall" - I'm happy with my height, please don't make me any taller)
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PostPosted: Thu Mar 25, 2010 5:51 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

Here is what I have so far in Марсин Сюфра/Marsin Syufra. This is a new-ish lang for me, so some parts of the grammar are tentative.

English
Марсин
Transliteration

The man is. (I.e. he exists)
Сомол ки.
Somol ki.
The man is tall.
Сомол лайга.
Somol laiga.
The man is a person.
Сомол түн.
Somol tün.
The man is at the house.
Сомол єзрын ки.
Somol yezrın ki.

I had gone. (past, completed before another past action)
Сурөзгег.
Surözgeg
I had been going. (past, not completed before another past action)
Сурөзгегай.
Surözgegai.
I had been about to go. (past, not begun before another past action)
Сурөзген.
Surözgen.
I have gone. (past, completed before present)
Сурөзг.
Surözg.
I went. (plain, completed past)
Сурөзг.
Surözg.
I was going. (plain, not completed past)
Сурөзгай.
Surözgai.
I was about to go. (past, not begun before reference point)
Сурөзген.
Surözgen.
I am going. (present, not completed)
Сурөзай.
Surözai.
I am about to go. (present, not yet begun)
Сурөзне.
Surözne.
I will go. (plain future)
Сурөзне.
Surözne.
I will be going. (future, not completed before reference point)
Сурөзнай.
Suröznai.
I will be about to go. (future, not begun before reference point)
Сурөзнен.
Suröznen.
I will have gone. (future, completed before another future action)
Сурөзнег.
Surözneg.
I would have gone if you had not been here. (past contrary-to-fact, might be a mood)
Сурезумаг ле тайкеаскиг.
Surezumag le taikeaskig.
I would go if you were not here. (present contrary-to-fact, might be a mood)
Сурезум ле тайкеаски.
Surezum le taikeaski.

I see him.
Сувошты.
Suvoştı.
I am seen by him. (object > subject, subject > oblique phrase)
Сувошт удма.
Suvoşt udma.
I am seen.
Воштмет.
Voştmet.
I make him see me. (causation)
Сутах удвоштмет.
Sutakh udvoştmet.
I make him happy. (not necessarily a voice, but IDK where else it would go)
Сутах удмыл.
Sutakh udmıl.
I let him see me. (permission, though this generally isn't a whole voice)
(undecided)
I help him see me. (helping)
(undecided)
I see myself. (reflexive)
Сувоштой.
Suvoştoi.
Me and you see each other.
Воштув ду һеч.
Voştuv du heç.
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